新疆褐牛不同育肥期生长和肉用性能比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 21:47

本文选题：新疆褐牛种公牛　切入点：胴体分级　出处：《宁夏大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本试验以27头1-6月龄的新疆褐牛种公牛为研究对象,根据育肥期将它们分为A(16mon)、 B(19mon)、C(22mon)三组,每组9头,首先将三组牛进行育肥试验,然后对12头育肥后的牛进行屠宰和肉质分析试验,最后分析新疆褐牛种公牛生长性能、产肉性能和肉质特性。结果如下：1 16～22月育肥期内,育肥期越长,新疆褐牛种公牛体尺、体重越大。三组试验牛十字部高、体高、胸围、管围和体重ABC,C组体高、胸围和体重极显著高于A、B两组(P0.01),十字部高显著高于A、B两组(P0.05),A组和B组无显著差异；体斜长、管围和出生重三组间无显著差异；平均日增重ABC,A组极显著高于B、C两组(P0.01)。210-28月龄内,新疆褐牛种公牛体尺越大,体重越大。体尺和体重生长发育曲线一致,各体尺指标和体重均具有极显著的强相关(P0.01),胸围和体重相关性最强(r=0.996)。316～22月育肥期内,新疆褐牛种公牛的屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比、优质肉产量较高,胴体重、眼肌面积越大,优质肉产量越高。三组试验牛屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、尾重无显著差异,屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比分别为57.82%、42.21%、3.27：1：里脊、外脊、眼肉和胴体重、眼肌面积显著中度相关(P0.05),上脑、腱子肉、霖肉和胴体重、眼肌面积极显著中度相关(P0.01)。416-22育肥期内,新疆褐牛种公牛肉的蒸煮损失率、滴水损失率、pH值、常规营养成分、氨基酸含量和组成无显著差异,育肥期越长,肉质越老。新疆褐牛背最长肌剪切力和眼肌面积ABC,C组剪切力极显著高于A组(P0.01),眼肌面积显著高于B组(P0.05)。育肥期越长,剪切力值和眼肌面积越大,肉质越老。新疆褐牛背最长肌中含有17中氨基酸,测得氨基酸含量为21.93g/100g,鲜味氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的44.05%。综上所述,胸围、体斜长可作为估测新疆褐牛种公牛体重的量化指标；新疆褐牛种公牛产肉性能较高,眼肌面积可作为评价产肉性能的主要指标；剪切力可作为比较新疆褐牛种公牛肌肉嫩度的指标。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, 27 Xinjiang brown oxen (1-6 months old) were divided into three groups according to the fattening period. Then 12 fattening cattle were slaughtered and meat quality analyzed. Finally, the growth performance, meat yield and meat quality characteristics of Xinjiang brown cattle were analyzed. The results were as follows: during the fattening period of 1 ~ 16 ~ 22 months, the longer the fattening period was, the more the body size of Xinjiang Brown cattle was. The body height, body height, chest circumference, tube circumference and body weight of the three groups were significantly higher than those of the Agna B group (P 0.01), and the cross part height was significantly higher than that of the Agna B group (P 0.05) and the B group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in tube circumference and birth weight among the three groups, and the average daily gain of ABCX A group was significantly higher than that of BPC group P0.01U. 210-28 months old. The larger the body size of Xinjiang brown cattle, the larger the body weight, the more the body size and the body weight growth and development curve. There was a strong correlation between body size and body weight, and the strongest correlation was between chest circumference and body weight. During the fattening period, the slaughter rate, net meat rate, meat to bone ratio, quality meat yield, carcass weight and eye muscle area of Xinjiang Brown cattle bulls were higher than those of Xinjiang Brown cattle bulls during the fattening period. There was no significant difference in slaughter rate, net meat rate, meat to bone ratio, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and tail weight among the three groups. The slaughter rate, net meat rate and meat to bone ratio were 57.82%, 42.21% and 3.271: 1 respectively. Eye muscle area was significantly and moderately correlated with P0.05, upper brain, tendon meat, wet meat and carcass weight. The area of eye muscle was significantly correlated with P0.01g. 416-22 during the fattening period, the steaming loss rate, dropping water loss rate and pH value of male beef of Xinjiang Brown cattle were significantly higher than those of normal nutritional components. There was no significant difference in amino acid content and composition. The longer the fattening period, the older the meat quality. The shear force of longissimus dorsi muscle and the area of eye muscle in group A were significantly higher than those in group A, and the area of eye muscle in group A was significantly higher than that in group B. The larger the shearing force and the area of the eye muscle, the older the meat quality. The longissimus dorsi muscle of Xinjiang Brown cattle contains 17 amino acids, the measured amino acid content is 21.93 g / 100 g, and the fresh amino acid content accounts for 44.05% of the total amino acid content. To sum up, the chest circumference, The oblique length of body can be used as a quantitative index to estimate the weight of Xinjiang brown cattle, and the area of eye muscle can be used as the main index to evaluate the meat yield of Xinjiang brown cattle. Shear stress can be used as an index to compare muscle tenderness of Xinjiang brown bull.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823

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