减少猪肉中抗菌药物残留措施的研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 23:09

本文选题：抗菌药　切入点：残留　出处：《贵州大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究通过对贵州省猪场抗菌药使用情况、贵州省猪场大肠杆菌耐药情况、贵州省市售猪肉抗菌药残留情况进行调查,并将各个调查结果之间的关系进行分析,制定出一系列减少贵州省猪肉产品中抗菌药物残留的措施。为贵州省今后猪肉食品安全提供保障。1.通过对贵州省9个地、州、市区40个县、市、区205个养猪场兽医主管进行询问、查阅用药记录和进药台账、药房药物库存清点和用药废弃物查看等方法,调查养猪场使用的抗菌药物的使用种类、使用目的、使用效果、使用频率、使用量等进行记录。结果表明:在被调查的8类抗菌药中使用率最高的是β内酰胺类;在31种被调查的抗菌药中使用率最高的药物是头孢噻呋;预防用药使用率最高的是阿莫西林,治疗用药使用率最高的药物是青霉素。在不同的地区中,六盘水市是抗菌药使用频率最高的地区,六枝特区是抗菌药使用最频繁的县区。在药物使用中发现抗菌药物超剂量使用、同时使用多种抗菌药、基础兽医缺乏正确使用抗菌药知识、不同剂型的同种药物同时使用等。2.采集上述猪场猪肛门拭子和环境样品,分离鉴定得到大肠杆菌2033株,通过微量肉汤稀释法测定分离大肠杆菌对氨苄西林、庆大霉素、恩诺沙星、土霉素、头孢噻呋、氟苯尼考、磺胺间甲嘧啶的MIC值。结果表明:耐药率最高的三种药物是土霉素、氟苯尼考和磺胺间甲嘧啶,敏感率最高的三种药物是头孢噻呋、庆大霉素和环丙沙星。MIC50、MIC90最高的药物均为磺胺间甲氧嘧啶。六盘水市、黔东南州的分离菌株对土霉素、头孢噻呋、氟苯尼考的耐药较严重,遵义市的分离菌株对氨苄西林、恩诺沙星、磺胺甲氧嘧啶的耐药率最高,而黔西南州的分离菌株对庆大霉素的耐药率最高。2033株大肠杆菌多重耐药情况集中在4、5、6重耐药,占总数的74.22%,5重以上耐药的菌株占总数的63.26%。黔西南州、毕节市、六盘水市的多重耐药情况较铜仁市、贵阳市、黔南州严重。3.从贵州省9个地区44个县区的各大农贸市场采集到得220份猪肉样品,根据农业部1025号公告-23-2008、GB/T 20366-2006、GB/T 22989-2008、GB/T21315-2007等国家标准,采用UPLC-MS法对猪肉样品中的环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、头孢喹肟、青霉素、磺胺甲基嘧啶的残留进行测定。采用ELISA试剂盒对猪肉样品中氟苯尼考和庆大霉素的含量进行测定。结果表明,除磺胺甲基嘧啶外,其他6种抗菌药均有检出,头孢喹肟、青霉素、环丙沙星都有含量超标的情况。而头孢喹肟的超标情况最为严重,涉及范围最广。4.将猪场抗菌药物使用情况、猪场大肠杆菌的耐药性、市售猪肉抗菌药残留状况的结果进行对照和相关性分析得出结论:在同一地区,使用频率越高的药物,产生越高的耐药性;抗菌药使用种类越多,大肠杆菌的多重耐药状况越严重;抗菌药使用频率越高,越增加残留的风险;突击式的治疗亦有导致抗菌药残留超标;抗菌药残留检出率较高的地区其耐药性情况较严重。根据以上研究结果提出从猪肉生产源头(猪场)降低细菌耐药性和减少抗菌药残留的措施:即加强猪场硬件设施,尤其是消毒设施的建设;加强环境中消毒药的使用;加强耐药水平监测;制定合理的轮换用药制度。
[Abstract]:Through the study of the use of antibacterial drugs in Guizhou province pig farm, Guizhou province swine Escherichia coli resistance investigation, Guizhou commercial pork antimicrobial drug residues, and analyzed the relationship between the various survey results, making a series of reduced antimicrobial residues in pork products in Guizhou province. The measures for Guizhou province future pork food providing security for.1. by 9, Guizhou Province, 40 urban counties, city, district 205 farms in the veterinary administrative inquiry, access to medical records and drug ledger, pharmacy drug inventory and drug waste check method, investigation of pig farm antibiotics use category, purpose. Use effect, frequency of use, usage were recorded. The results showed that the use of antibacterial drugs in 8 categories were surveyed in the highest rate of beta lactam; use of antibacterial drugs was investigated in 31. The highest rate of drug is ceftiofur; preventive medication use is the highest rate of amoxicillin treatment, use the highest rate of drug penicillin. In different regions, the city of Liupanshui is the highest frequency of use in antibiotic, six Zhi is the most frequently used antibiotics. Antimicrobial agents found in counties in overdose drug use, and use a variety of antibacterial drugs, basic veterinary use of antibiotics lack of correct knowledge, with different forms of the drug and use.2. collected the swine anal swab and environmental samples, isolation and identification of 2033 strains of Escherichia coli, isolation of Escherichia coli to ampicillin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline by broth microdilution method determination of ceftiofur, florfenicol, sulfamerazine MIC value. The results showed that: three kinds of drug resistance rate is the highest fluorine oxytetracycline, florfenicol and Sulfadimethoxine A pyrimidine, three drug sensitive rate is the highest of ceftiofur, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin.MIC50, the highest MIC90 drugs are sulfamonomethoxine. Liupanshui, Qiandongnan, isolates of oxytetracycline, ceftiofur, florfenicol resistance is a serious problem, the city of Zunyi isolates to ampicillin, enrofloxacin. Sulfametoxydiazine resistance was the highest, while the Qianxi Prefecture isolates resistant to gentamicin was the highest in.2033 strains of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in 4,5,6 heavy resistance, accounting for 74.22% of the total, more than 5 resistant strains accounted for 63.26%. of the total number of Qianxi Prefecture, Bijie City, Liupanshui City, a multi drug resistance in Tongren City, Guiyang Qiannan City, serious.3. from major farmers market acquisition in 44 counties of 9 areas in Guizhou province to 220 copies of pork samples, according to the Ministry of agriculture Bulletin No. 1025 -23-2008, GB/T 20366-2006, G B/T 22989-2008, GB/T21315-2007 and other national standards, using UPLC-MS method of pork samples of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, cefquinome, penicillin residue, sulfamerazine was determined. Content was determined by ELISA kit p-fluorophenyl pork samples florfenicol and gentamicin. The results showed that the addition of sulfamerazine, other 6 kinds of antibacterial drugs were detected, cefquinome, penicillin, ciprofloxacin have content exceed the standard. And exceed the standard situation of cefquinome is most serious, the most.4. drug use situation of antibacterial drug resistance of Escherichia coli of swine farms, commercially available antimicrobial drug residues in pork were compared and correlation conclusion: in the same area, the higher the frequency of drug use, drug resistance is high; the use of more kinds of antibacterial drugs, the multiple drug resistance of Escherichia coli resistance more serious; Bacteria drug use frequency is higher, the increase of residual risk; the treatment also led to assault type antimicrobial drug residues exceed the standard; antibiotic residues were found in areas with high rates of drug resistance is serious. According to the above research results put forward from the pork production source (pig) reduce bacterial resistance and reduce antibiotic residues measures: strengthening the pig hardware facilities, especially the construction of disinfection facilities; strengthen the use of disinfectants in the environment; to strengthen the monitoring of drug resistance level; develop alternative use rational system.

【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S859.84

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