太行山猕猴（Macaca mulatta tcheliensis）疫病生态初步研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 06:35

本文选题：太行山猕猴(Macaca　切入点：mulatta　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：猕猴(Macaca mulatta)是世界上分布最广泛的非人灵长类动物之一,由于其适应能力强,生理上与人相近,常被用于医学、心理学、生理学等多学科的研究。太行山猕猴(Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)是我国特有的猕猴亚种,目前仅分布于河南省与山西省交界处的太行山及中条山南端地区,是自然分布最北的猕猴种群。太行山猕猴在生理、形态、代谢、遗传和生态等方面有着明显的特点,具有独特的遗传多样性。目前,太行山猕猴主要活动在河南省济源市境内。近年来,动物疫病的频发给人类带来了巨大影响。随着经济的快速发展,国内以非人灵长类动物为观赏对象的生态旅游活动已得到迅速发展,通过观察发现,人类与非人灵长类动物的接触次数越来越多。长此以往,生态旅游带来了很多问题,对非人灵长类动物产生了很大的影响,例如行为改变、伤残率升高、患病率增加等。而一旦传染病在群体内传播开来,将会对整个种群产生很大的影响,甚至会使整个物种灭绝。为了解太行山猕猴病原体的流行病学情况、传播途径及危害程度,于2015年9月至2016年11月,对济源市五龙口风景名胜区的野生太行山猕猴进行采样调查。通过对其种群内主要病原体的种类、感染率、相关病原体的生物学特性及进化关系等方面的研究,为太行山猕猴的物种保护和人猴共患病的防控策略提供技术支持和理论依据。本论文的主要研究内容和结果如下:1)太行山猕猴主要病原体流行病学调查于2015年9月至2016年11月,在济源市五龙口景区,采集了新鲜猕猴粪样458份,对其进行病毒、致病菌和寄生虫等病原体检测。结果显示,检测到的病原体种类为:细小病毒、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、蜂房哈夫尼亚菌、大肠埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、耶尔森氏菌、空肠弯曲杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、钩端螺旋体、肺炎链球菌、阿米巴原虫、鞭虫、等孢球虫、泡翼线虫、蛲虫、粪类圆线虫、钩虫、结肠小袋纤毛虫、毛细线虫、猴食道口线虫、毛圆线虫,感染率分别为:8.30%、13.32%、31.66%、1.75%、29.91%、28.38%、6.77%、18.34%、11.57%、26.64%、8.30%、89.96%、93.23%、28.38%、15.07%、1.75%、73.36%、3.28%、70.09%、8.30%、31.66%、6.77%。2)猴源阿米巴原虫种类及其种系发育研究利用PCR鉴定方法,对太行山猕猴感染的阿米巴原虫进行种类鉴定,结果表明,猕猴携带E.dispar、E.hartmanni、E.coli和E.chattoni 4种阿米巴原虫且感染率分别为58.30%、79.91%、69.87%和88.43%,混合感染率为84.93%。基于测序进行种系发育关系分析,发现太行山猕猴所携带的阿米巴原虫与已知种类序列同源性为97%~99%,进化树分析显示,分别与E.dispar、E.hartmanni、E.coli和E.chattoni处于同一进化分支,即4种阿米巴原虫分别为E.dispar、E.hartmanni、E.coli和E.chattoni。3)猴源蜂房哈夫尼亚菌的生物学特性研究2016年,在济源市五龙口风景名胜区发现一只死亡的成年雌性猕猴,并在其体内分离到了一株细菌,经鉴定为蜂房哈夫尼亚菌。菌落形态为黄色圆形,边缘整齐、光滑的小菌落,革兰士染色为阴性短杆菌;而该菌能分解D-半乳糖、D-果糖等,不能分解麦芽糖、蔗糖、L-鼠李糖等,且对头孢唑林、氨苄西林、阿莫西林-克拉维酸、氨苄西林-舒巴坦、四环素5种抗生素耐受,对其他多数抗生素敏感;序列分析结果显示,该菌序列与已知的蜂房哈夫尼亚菌(Hafnia alvei)的基因同源性为99%,进化关系处在同一分支,表明该分离菌为蜂房哈夫尼亚菌(Hafnia alvei)。
[Abstract]:Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is one of the most widely distributed non-human primate animal world, because of its strong adaptability, physiological and similar, often used in medical research, psychology, physiology and other disciplines. Taihang Mountain macaque (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis) is a macaque subspecies endemic to China, is currently only distributed in Henan Province and Shanxi province at the junction of Taihang Mountain and the southernmost region, population distribution is the most northern macaque nature. Taihang Mountain rhesus monkeys in morphology, physiology, metabolism, has obvious characteristics of genetic and ecological aspects, has a unique genetic diversity. At present, the main activities in the territory of Taihang Mountain macaque in Jiyuan city of Henan province. In recent years, frequent occurrence of animal diseases brought great influence to the mankind. With the rapid development of economy, the domestic to non-human primate animal ecological tourism activities of ornamental objects have gained rapid development, through the concept of Police found that human and non-human primate animal contact more and more. If things go on like this, eco tourism has brought a lot of problems, which has a great effect on the non-human primate animal, such as behavioral change, the disability rate increased, the increased prevalence of infectious disease. Once out in groups to spread, will have a significant impact on the entire population, or even lead the extinction of species. In order to understand the epidemiological situation of Taihang Mountain rhesus pathogens, the spread and the degree of harm, from September 2015 to November 2016, five in Jiyuan city of Longkou scenic area of the wild monkeys in Taihang Mountain were investigated. The species, the main pathogens in the population infection rate of related pathogen biology the characteristics and evolutionary relationships and other aspects, to provide technical support and theoretical basis for the prevention and control strategy for species protection of Taihang Mountain rhesus monkey monkey who were sick and . the main research contents and results are as follows: 1) the main pathogens in epidemiological investigation of monkeys in Taihang Mountain from September 2015 to November 2016, five in Jiyuan city of Longkou area, collected fresh fecal samples of 458 rhesus monkeys, the virus, pathogenic bacteria and parasite pathogens detection. The results showed that the pathogens detected were: small virus, Salmonella, Shigella, hafnia alvei, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Jerson S bacterium, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus, Leptospira, Streptococcus pneumoniae, amoeba, Trichuris, Isospora, Physaloptera, pinworm, dung cantonensis, hookworm, balantidial, Capillaria, crossing the monkey eating nematode, trichostrongyle, infection rate were 8.30%, 13.32%, 31.66%, 1.75%, 29.91%, 28.38%, 6.77%, 18.34%, 11.57%, 26.64%, 8.30%, 89.96%, 93.23%, 28.38%, 15.07%, 1.75%, 73.36%, 3.28%, 70.09%, 8.30%, 31.66%, 6.77%.2) and Amiba monkey protozoan species phylogenetic studies using PCR identification method for species identification of Taihang Mountain macaques infected with Amiba protozoa. The results show that the monkeys carry E.dispar, E.hartmanni, E.coli and E.chattoni 4 kinds of Amiba and protozoal infection rates were 58.30%, 79.91% 69.87%, and 88.43%, the rate of mixed infection was based on 84.93%. sequencing analysis of phylogenetic relationship, Amiba found Taihang Mountain macaques carried by the known species of protozoa and sequence homology to 97%~99%, phylogenetic analysis showed that E.dispar and E.hartmanni, respectively, E.coli and E.chattoni are in the same evolutionary branch, namely 4 kinds of protozoa were E.dispar Amiba E.hartmanni, E.coli, and E.chattoni.3) 2016 study on the biological characteristics of monkey hafnia alvei, five in Longkou Jiyuan scenic area found a Adult female monkeys died, and the bacteria in the body of separation, identified as hafnia alvei. Colony morphology for the yellow circle, the edge is neat, smooth small colonies, Gram staining negative short bacillus; while the bacteria can decompose D- galactose, D- fructose, not the decomposition of maltose, sucrose, L-, rhamnose, and cefazolin, ampicillin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid, ampicillin sulbactam, 5 tetracycline antibiotic resistant, sensitive to most other antibiotics; sequence analysis showed that the sequences with known bacterium hafnia alvei (Hafnia alvei) gene the homology of 99% evolutionary relationships in the same branch, showed that the isolated bacteria were hafnia alvei (Hafnia alvei).

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S858.9

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