纳他霉素的防霉效果及其在肉鸡生产中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 11:37

  本文选题：纳他霉素　切入点：防霉　出处：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：饲料原料在加工生产、运输及贮存过程中暴露,容易受到霉菌及霉菌毒素的侵害,造成经济损失,是饲料业和畜牧业中备受关注的焦点。本文旨在研究探讨新型天然饲料防霉剂纳他霉素的防霉效果及其在肉鸡饲料中的适宜添加量,为其在饲料中的合理应用提供参考依据。试验一,试验采用饲料强化防霉方法和常规防霉方法,研究了纳他霉素对饲料的防霉效果。试验选用自配饲料,分成7组,每组6个重复,每个重复2个平行。对照组不添加防霉剂,处理组分别添加500 mg/kg丙酸钙,2.5、5、10、20和30 mg/kg纳他霉素(Natamycin,NT)。结果表明:(1)饲料强化防霉试验外观结果表明,饲料中添加2.5-20 mg/kg NT能够在储存期间缓解饲料霉变。饲料常规防霉试验外观结果表明,饲料中添加5-30mg/kgNT能够缓解饲料霉变,延长饲料的储存期。(2)饲料强化防霉试验中,与对照组相比,添加NT显著降低了 5 d和10 d的饲料霉菌数(P0.05);15 d时,添加2.5、5和10 mg/kg NT组霉菌数量显著低于对照组(P0.05);20 d时,与对照组及丙酸钙组相比,添加5 mg/kg NT组饲料霉菌数量显著降低(P0.05)。饲料常规防霉试验中,0-15 d时,各组饲料霉菌数量均无显著差异(P0.05);30d时,与对照组相比,10、20和30mg/kgNT组饲料霉菌数显著降低(P0.05);45 d时,添加20和30 mg/kg NT组霉菌数量显著低于对照组(P0.05);60 d时,各组饲料霉菌数无显著差异(P0.05)。试验二,纳他霉素对饲料存储期间常规营养成分的影响。试验将自配饲料分成7组,每组6个重复,每个重复2个平行。对照组不添加防霉剂,试验组分别添加500 mg/kg丙酸钙,2.5、5、10、20和30 mg/kg NT。结果表明:(1)饲料强化防霉试验营养成分测定中,10 mg/kg NT组饲料在5 d、15 d和20 d时的粗脂肪含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),其他组间差异不显著(P0.05)。(2)饲料常规防霉试验营养成分测定中,45 d时,与对照组相比,20 mg/kg NT组饲料水分显著降低(P0.05),10 mg/kg NT组饲料粗脂肪含量显著提高(P0.05);60 d时,5和10 mg/kg NT组粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验三,纳他霉素对肉鸡生长性能和器官组织的影响。试验选用1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡480只(公母各半),随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮(不添加纳他霉素),试验组(T1、T2和T3组)饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加10、50和100 mg/kg纳他霉素的试验日粮,试验期为42天。结果表明:(1)与CON组相比,饲粮中添加纳他霉素对肉鸡的生长性能无显著影响(P0.05)。(2)肉鸡饲粮中添加100 mg/kg纳他霉素造成了肝细胞受损,十二指肠和回肠肠绒毛脱落和萎缩。试验四,纳他霉素对肉鸡血液生化和抗氧化能力的影响。试验分组及饲养管理同试验三。结果表明:(1)42日龄时,与CON组相比,T2和T3组WBC、RBC和HGB显著升高(P0.05)。T2组WBC和RBC显著高于T1组(P0.05),T3组的WBC、RBC、HGB和HCT均显著高于T2组(P0.05)。(2)42日龄时,与CON组相比,T2、T3组UN和ALT水平显著升高(P0.05),T3组血清ALP含量显著降低(P0.05)。(3)21日龄时,T1组血清T-AOC显著高于CON组(P0.05),T1、T2组MDA含量均显著低于CON组(P0.05)。(4)与CON组相比,T1、T2组肝脏的GSH-Px活力显著提高(P0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P0.05)。(5)T3组肝脏Cu/ZnSOD基因和GPx1基因的表达量显著低于T1组(P0.05)。综合试验结果表明:(1)纳他霉素能够有效抑制饲料霉变,保护饲料的营养价值,延长饲料的存储期,且适宜添加量为10-20mg/kg。(2)饲粮中添加10mg/kg纳他霉素对肉鸡的生长性能无不良影响,适量添加纳他霉素可以保护肉鸡的肝脏功能,改善肉鸡抗氧化功能,而100mg/kg纳他霉素有对肉鸡肝脏造成损伤的风险。因此,纳他霉素在肉鸡生产中的应用还需进行大量的研究。
[Abstract]:Feed raw materials in the production, transportation and storage in the process of exposure, susceptible to fungal and mycotoxin damage, resulting in economic losses, is the focus of attention of feed industry and animal husbandry. This paper aims to study the optimum adding amount of new natural feed preservative natamycin mouldproof effect in broiler feed. To provide reference for its rational application in feed. A test, test method and conventional feed by strengthening mildew mildew proof method, study of natamycin to feed mildewproof effect. The experimental self feed selection, divided into 7 groups, with 6 replicates, each replicate 2 parallel control group without adding preservatives. And the treatment group were added 500 mg/kg calcium propionate, 2.5,5,10,20 and 30 mg/kg natamycin (Natamycin, NT). The results showed that: (1) feed enhanced moldproof test results show that the appearance of 2.5-20 mg/kg, adding NT in feed in During the period of storage of ease of moldy feed. Feed conventional moldproof test results show that the appearance of 5-30mg/kgNT, added in feed can alleviate feed mildew, prolong the storage period of feed. (2) feed enhanced moldproof test, compared with the control group, adding NT significantly decreased 5 D and 10 d feed mould number (P0.05); 15 d add 2.5,5, and 10 mg/kg NT group mould number was significantly lower than the control group (P0.05); 20 D, compared with the control group and calcium propionate group, adding 5 mg/kg NT group feed mould quantity decreased (P0.05). The conventional feed moldproof test, 0-15 D, there were no significant differences in the number of groups (feed mould P0.05; 30d) when compared with the control group, 10,20 group and 30mg/kgNT feed mould decreased significantly (P0.05); 45 D, adding 20 and 30 mg/kg NT group mould number was significantly lower than the control group (P0.05); 60 d, there were no significant difference (P0.05). The number of feed mould test two, Na he Mycin effect on nutritional composition of feed during the storage period. The test will feed into 7 groups, with 6 replicates, each replicate 2 parallel control group. No added preservatives, the experimental groups were supplemented with 500 mg/kg calcium propionate, 2.5,5,10,20 and 30 mg/kg NT. results showed that: (1) strengthen the feed nutrition moldproof test determination of components in 10 mg/kg NT group feed at 5 d, 15 d and 20 d when the content of crude fat were significantly higher than those in control group (P0.05), no significant difference between other groups (P0.05). (2) conventional feed moldproof test determination of nutritional components in 45 D, compared with the control group. 20 mg/kg NT group significantly decreased the feed moisture (P0.05), 10 mg/kg NT group feed crude fat content increased significantly (P0.05); 60 d, 5 mg/kg and 10 NT group the content of crude fat was significantly higher than the control group (P0.05). In experiment three, effects of natamycin on broiler growth performance and organ. Experiment 1 day old healthy selection. AA鑲変粩楦，

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