兔舍中热回收通风系统的开发和应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 12:49

本文选题：热回收通风　切入点：兔舍　出处：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在寒冷气候下,为维持家兔生产所需的基本温度或者降低维持舍温的能耗,兔场通常会降低兔舍通风量,而由于通风不足导致的兔舍内高浓度有害气体直接危害家兔健康。在兔舍这类密闭式畜舍,减少高通风率带来的热量损失是解决这一问题的关键。暖通空调系统中的热回收通风(heat recovery ventilation,HRV)是一项能够有效减少通风能量损失的节能通风技术,利用排风预热(或预冷)新风来降低通风对室内温度的影响。密闭畜舍这类建筑产热负荷高,且需要较高的通风率来维持舍内空气质量,HRV在这类建筑中应用潜力大。本论文首先分别在北京和宁波的兔舍安装了民用一体式小型HRV,发现运行这种HRV的兔舍内氨气浓度没有显著下降,表现为通风效率低下。同时发现设备存在成本高,安装难度大的问题,不适合在畜舍中使用。针对这些问题我们对设备的结构、安装方式和配比参数进行了计算和调整,研制开发了更合适畜舍使用的新型HRV系统,使其能够满足高通风率、高热回收效率、不易结冰、不易积累灰尘和设备投资回报期限短等设计要求。然后分别研究新型的HRV在中国东北、华北、东南几个不同气候特点区域的兔舍中运行的效果。并使用DeST软件建立建筑热平衡模型模拟研究气候、建筑围护结构、通风率、饲养密度等因素对兔舍温度和HRV运行效果的影响。在华北地区寒冷气候条件下,舍外气温为-1O℃-10℃,新型的HRV能够在不显著影响舍温的情况下,使舍内NH3和C02浓度降低48%和53%。设备的显热效率和能效比分别为65%和5.7,均达到节能标准。配套HRV的送风方式,均匀开孔送风组织方式在提高舍内气温分布的均匀性,以及降低舍内气流速度方面优于一端送风的方式。在东北严寒气候下运行新型的HRV时,设备最多能够耐受-15℃的低温。在舍外气温为-15℃～5℃、兔舍不供暖条件下,该HRV同样能够在不显著影响舍温的情况下,分别降低C02和NH3浓度27%和15%。当舍外气温降至-25℃～-5℃、兔舍有锅炉供暖的条件下,将HRV与锅炉供暖结合,利用锅炉房预热寒冷的新风,HRV可以在-25℃的低温条件下正常运行而不会结冰,同时间接地提高了锅炉的供暖效率。在东南地区夏季炎热气候下,将空调降温与新型的HRV结合,兔舍内能够维持25～28℃的适宜家兔繁殖的温度。系统中HRV显著降低了兔舍内NH3和C02浓度,尽管因通风引起舍温升高为1.4℃,但没有对家兔的热应激水平产生负面影响。HRV的显热效率和能效比分别达到63%和3.5,与HRV的结合使空调能耗降低10.2%。推荐在舍内外温差高于5.1 ℃的情况下运行HRV。东南地区冬季气候温暖,只适合在夜晚气温较低的阶段运行热回收通风。使用DeST建立兔舍热平衡模型,模拟研究了兔舍围护结构的保温性能、门窗的密闭性、饲养密度、兔舍最小通风率、热回收通风等因素对兔舍内的气温温度影响的程度,发现通风率和建筑密闭性对舍温影响最大,占到权重的约80%。与常规机械通风相比,使用热回收通风舍内的气温能够提高3.6～5.9℃。
[Abstract]:In cold climates, the basic temperature required to maintain the rabbit production or decreasing the energy consumption to maintain the temperature usually decreases, rabbit rabbit Shetong volume, due to insufficient ventilation in rabbit house in high concentration of harmful gases directly harm the rabbit's health. This kind of closed rabbit houses in the barn, reduce the rate of heat loss caused by high winds is the key to solve this problem. The heat recovery ventilation in HVAC system (heat recovery ventilation, HRV) is an energy saving ventilation ventilation technology can effectively reduce the energy loss, the exhaust (preheating or precooling) of new wind to reduce the influence of ventilation on indoor temperature. This kind of building heat sealed barn high load, and high rate of ventilation to maintain indoor air quality, HRV in this kind of building application potential. This paper first respectively in Beijing and Ningbo Rabbitries installed civilian integrated small type HRV hair Is this HRV rabbit NH3 concentration did not significantly decreased, showed low ventilation efficiency. At the same time that the equipment has high cost, difficult installation, not suitable for use in a barn. In order to solve these problems we the structure of the equipment installation and matching parameters were calculated and adjusted, developed more the new HRV system using the appropriate housing, which can meet the high wind rate, high heat recovery efficiency, not easy to freeze, not easy to accumulate for short term investment return dust and equipment design. Then we study the HRV model in Northeast China, North China, running southeast several different climate regional characteristics of the rabbit house in effect and use DeST software to establish the model of building heat balance simulation of climate, building envelope, ventilation rate, density and other factors to influence feeding temperature and HRV operation effect on rabbit. In the cold area of North China Climatic conditions, outside temperature of -1O DEG -10 DEG, the new HRV can not significantly affect the decrease Sherwin, 48% and 53%. equipment of sensible heat efficiency and energy efficiency ratio were 65% and 5.7 NH3 and the concentration of C02 house, have reached the standard of energy saving. Air supply mode supporting HRV, uniform open hole supply organization to improve the uniformity of temperature distribution, and reduce the air velocity inside superior ventilation at one end of the way. The operation of the new HRV in the northeast cold climate, most equipment can withstand -15 low temperature. In the outside temperature of -15 to 5 DEG C, rabbit house without heating under the condition, the HRV can also be in the situation does not significantly affect the temperature under the concentration of NH3 and C02 were decreased by 27% and 15%. when the air temperature dropped to -25 up to -5 DEG C, a rabbit house boiler heating conditions, the combination of HRV and heating boiler, a new wind using boiler preheating cold, HRV In normal operation under low temperature conditions at -25 DEG C without ice, also indirectly improve the heating efficiency of the boiler. In the southeast of the hot summer climate, the air conditioning cooling combined with the new HRV, suitable temperature rabbit breeding in rabbit house can maintain 25~28 degrees. The system significantly reduced the rabbit house in HRV NH3 and C02 concentration, although because of the ventilation caused by increased to 1.4 DEG C temperature, but no thermal stress level on rabbit.HRV negatively affects the sensible heat efficiency and energy efficiency ratio reached 63% and 3.5, and the combination of HRV and air-conditioning energy consumption reduced 10.2%. recommended in the house inside and outside temperature higher than 5.1 DEG C under the condition of running southeast region HRV. the winter warm climate, only suitable for heat recovery stage operation ventilation in the low temperatures at night. Use DeST to establish the rabbit house heat balance model and Simulation Study on thermal insulation performance of Rabbitries enclosure structure, closed doors and windows, 027 Density, Rabbitries minimum ventilation rate, the temperature effect of temperature heat recovery ventilation and other factors on the extent of the rabbit, found the ventilation rate and airtight construction accounted for the greatest impact on Sherwin, weight about 80%. compared with conventional mechanical ventilation, the use of heat recovery ventilation the temperature can increase 3.6 ~ 5.9 degrees.

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S829.1

【参考文献】