南方草山草坡放牧羊蠕虫病及放牧牛吸虫病流行病学调查

发布时间：2018-03-07 06:21

本文选题：流行病学调查　切入点：蠕虫感染　出处：《中国农业科学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：家畜蠕虫病是危害畜牧业的一类重要疾病,包括吸虫病、绦虫病、线虫病和棘头虫病。其中一些病原为人畜共患病原,具有重要公共卫生意义。我国南方气候温湿、草山草坡面积广,其上牧草丰富,适宜发展畜牧业。然而我国南方草山草坡放牧牛羊蠕虫病的防治依然较为薄弱,其病原种类、流行状况、感染和传播特点等均不十分清楚。为摸清我国南方草山草坡放牧羊蠕虫病流行状况、感染季节特点,为畜主和当地畜牧局制定科学合理的防控对策提供依据,我们于2013年5月到2014年5月,在湖北省公安县黄山头镇设点,每隔2-3个月用饱和盐水漂浮法、贝尔曼法和虫卵沉淀法对200只放牧山羊蠕虫病开展流行病学调查,同时还开展了安徽省望江县草山草坡放牧牛的吸虫感染情况和季节变化调查以及虫种的分子鉴定。一、线虫感染情况及季节变化全年6次共1200份粪样检测,当地放牧山羊感染的线虫有捻转血矛线虫、夏伯特线虫、仰口线虫、食道口线虫、毛圆线虫、奥斯特线虫、鞭虫、细颈线虫、肺线虫,阳性率分别为57.7%、46.7%、6%、15%、1.5%、1.2%、7.4%、0.3%和10.6%。捻转血矛线虫和夏伯特线虫阳性率显著高于其他虫种(P0.05),是优势虫种。消化道线虫特别是优势线虫捻转血矛线虫和夏伯特线虫在全年均可感染且较高的感染率和每克粪便产卵数,肺线虫仅在5月发现。优势虫种阳性率在不同年龄、性别之间没有显著差异。二、吸虫感染情况及季节变化粪便虫卵检查显示湖北草山草坡放牧羊和安徽望江草山草坡放牧牛感染的吸虫仅有片形吸虫,全年均有感染。湖北放牧羊的阳性率在3.5%至37%之间,平均每克感染虫卵数(EPG)在29至166之间,均呈逐渐下降趋势。羊片形吸虫阳性率与羊月龄、性别、放牧地有一定关系。阳性率有随月龄增加而增加、雌性羊高于雄性羊、低矮潮湿放牧羊高于地势较高的放牧羊等趋势。安徽望江草山草坡放牧牛阳性率在11.33%至42.76%之间,EPG在34至177之间。6月到10月的阳性率和EPG均高于12月到3月。黄牛片形吸虫阳性率和每克粪便产卵数与水牛有显著性差异(P0.05)。对来源于安徽望江的39条片形吸虫成虫的ITS-1和ITS-2区域测序,结果显示安徽省存在大片吸虫和肝片吸虫,且大片吸虫主要感染水牛。我们的调查资料还显示通过每年4月和8-9月的群体驱虫可以显著降低家畜片型吸虫的感染率。三、绦虫病感染情况及季节变化粪便虫卵检测和剖检结果显示当地山羊仅感染莫尼茨绦虫。6次调查中阳性率分别为5%、14.5%、6%、0%、3.5%、6.5%,EPG分别为1365、1365.5、141.7、0、1771.4、869.2。结论:本文调查结果对湖北省草山草坡放牧山羊蠕虫感染状况以及感染季节变化有了总体把握,明确了该类地区放牧山羊感染的优势虫种。同时,片型吸虫在湖北山羊的感染、大片吸虫在安徽牛的感染均为首次报道。调查结果为该地区山羊蠕虫病的防治工作提供了基础。
[Abstract]:Animal helminthiasis is an important disease that endangers animal husbandry, including trematosis, tapeworm, nematode and echinococcosis. Some of the pathogens are zoonosis, which is of great public health significance. Caoshan has a wide range of grassy slopes, which is rich in forage and suitable for the development of animal husbandry. However, the prevention and control of cattle and sheep helminthiasis in grass slope grazing in southern China is still relatively weak, and its pathogenic species and epidemic status are still relatively weak. The characteristics of infection and transmission are not very clear. It can provide scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures for livestock owners and local animal husbandry bureau, in order to find out the epidemic situation of herding sheep worm disease and the characteristics of infection season in grass slope in the south of China. From May 2013 to May 2014, we set up a site in Huangshantou Town, Gongan County, Hubei Province, and conducted an epidemiological investigation on 200 herding goats with helminthiasis by saturated brine floating method, Belman method and egg sedimentation method every 2-3 months. At the same time, the investigation of fluke infection, seasonal variation and molecular identification of worm species of grazing cattle on grass slope of Caoshan, Wangjiang County, Anhui Province were carried out. First, 1 200 fecal samples of nematode infection and seasonal variation were detected 6 times a year. Among the nematodes infected by local grazing goats are Hematodes, Charbert nematode, Yangon nematode, esophagus nematode, Caterpillar nematode, Oster nematode, Trichuris, Cervical, Pulmonary nematode, The positive rates were 57.7%, 46.7% and 1.5%, respectively, and 1.2% and 10.6%, respectively. The positive rates of blood nematode and Charbert nematode were significantly higher than those of other species (P0.05, respectively). The digestive tract nematode, especially the dominant nematode and Charbert nematode, could be infected throughout the year. And higher infection rates and spawning per gram of feces, Lung nematode was only found in May. There was no significant difference in positive rate of dominant species between sexes at different ages. The infection status and seasonal variation of fluke eggs in feces showed that the clonorchiasis infected by herding sheep on grass slope of grass hill in Hubei province and cattle on grass slope of Wangjiang Mountain in Anhui Province were only infected by clonorchiasis, and the positive rate of grazing sheep in Hubei was between 3.5% and 37%, and the positive rate of sheep in Hubei was between 3.5% and 37%. The average number of infected eggs per gram was between 29 and 166, which showed a decreasing trend. The positive rate of Sheep clonorchiasis was related to the age, sex and grazing land of sheep. The positive rate increased with the increase of age, and the positive rate of female sheep was higher than that of male sheep. The positive rate of grazing cattle in the grassy slope of Wangjiang, Anhui Province was between 11.33% and 42.76%. The positive rate and EPG of cattle from June to October were higher than those of cattle from December to December. The positive rate of paragonimiasis and the number of spawning per gram feces were significantly different from that of buffalo (P0.05). The ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions of 39 adult paragonimiasis from Wangjiang, Anhui Province were sequenced. The results showed that there were large trachea and clonorchiasis in Anhui province, and the major infected buffalo. Our investigation data also showed that the infection rate of flaky trematodes in domestic animals could be significantly reduced by the population repellent in April and August to September of each year. Infection of Taenia solium and seasonal changes the results of fecal egg detection and dissection showed that the positive rate of local goats infected only with Moniella tapeworm 6 times was 50.14.50.The positive rate of EPG was 1365% 1365.50.141.71.4869.2.Conclusion: the results of this investigation were on grass slope of Caoshan Mountain, Hubei Province, and the positive rate of EPG was 1.365U 1365.5N 141.71.4869.2.Conclusion: the results of this investigation are as follows:. The worm infection status and seasonal variation of herding goats were generally understood. The dominant species of herding goat infection in this area were identified. At the same time, the infection of paragonimiasis in Hubei goats and the infection of large fluke in Anhui cattle were all reported for the first time. The results provided a basis for the prevention and control of goat helminthiasis in this area.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S855.9

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