无抗生素发酵饲料对猪小肠消化吸收和黏膜免疫功能的影响

发布时间：2018-03-13 09:49

  本文选题：猪　切入点：无抗生素发酵饲料　出处：《河南科技学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：抗生素在养猪生产中通过饲料广泛使用,影响猪肉质量安全,造成环境污染,对人类健康和公共卫生造成危害,利用益生菌发酵饲料替代抗生素饲料是解决途径之一。本文用本课题组研发的无抗生素发酵饲料饲喂后,通过观察猪小肠的组织形态和黏膜免疫相关细胞数量变化,对猪小肠吸收和黏膜免疫功能的影响进行了研究,为阐明无抗生素发酵饲料促消化和抗病的机理提供试验依据。本试验选取初生健康乳猪120头,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组6个重复,每个重复10头猪。试验组在断奶、生长和育肥阶段的饲料中分别加入10%、20%和30%发酵饲料,营养和能量水平调到与对照组相当,对照组饲喂常规的含有抗生素饲料。在5d、15d、25d、44d、75d和180d时期,进行屠宰采样,每个重复随机抽取1头猪,采样取十二指肠、空肠和回肠,用4%多聚甲醛固定,通过H-E染色来观察小肠黏膜形态、PAS染色测定杯状细胞数目和免疫组化染色测定M细胞和CD3+T细胞数目。结果显示:通过对肠道黏膜形态、绒毛长度、隐窝深度、绒毛隐窝比值(绒腺比)和绒毛杯状细胞数目的观察和统计。黏膜形态:试验组和对照组在黏膜形态上观察无明显差异。绒毛长度:试验组十二指肠自25日龄开始整体都略高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);空肠自15日龄开始,试验组绒毛长度高于对照组,在44日龄时,试验组比对照组高7.19%,差异显著(P0.05),在其他日龄差异不显著(P0.05);回肠在44日龄和75日龄,试验组和对照组相比差异显著(P0.05),其他日龄差异不显著(P0.05)。隐窝深度:试验组在5d、15d、25d、44d、75d和180d时都低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。绒腺比:在5d、15d、25d、44d、75d和180d时十二指肠和空肠试验组与对照组相比,差异不显著(P0.05),回肠在44日龄试验组显著高于对照组(P0.05),其他日龄差异不显著(P0.05)。小肠绒毛杯状细胞数:在44日龄时,十二指肠、空肠和回肠试验组极显著低于对照组(P0.01),在75日龄时只有十二指肠试验组极显著低于对照组(P0.01),其他日龄差异不显著(P0.05)。表明无抗生素发酵饲料能够促进小肠消化吸收功能。通过对上皮间淋巴细胞(IEL)、M细胞和CD3+T细胞的检测进行评价,在44日龄十二指肠和空肠试验组的IEL数比对照组高,差异极显著(P0.01),在75日龄试验组十二指肠、空肠和回肠IEL数比对照组高,差异显著(P0.05),其他日龄差异不显著(P0.05);而对M细胞和CD3+T细胞数检测,试验组整体上都比对照组略多,但差异不显著(P0.05)。说明无抗生素发酵饲料对肠道黏膜免疫功能有一定的促进功能。总之,通过本试验研究表明,饲喂无抗生素发酵饲料后,可以增加十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛长度,降低隐窝深度,提高绒腺比,增加了小肠内壁的吸收面积,且减少绒毛杯状细胞数目,增加肠上皮细胞与营养物质接触机会,增强肠道的吸收功能;并能增加小肠上皮间淋巴细胞、M细胞和CD3+T细胞数量,从而提高小肠的黏膜免疫力。表明无抗生素发酵饲料可以提高营养物质的消化吸收,改善肠道的黏膜免疫。结合本课题组前期关于无抗生素发酵饲料的促生长作用和提高免疫功能的研究结果,证明无抗生素发酵饲料可以替代抗生素饲料用于养猪生产。
[Abstract]:Through feed antibiotics in pig production are widely used, affecting the quality and safety of pork, causing environmental pollution, harm to human health and public health, the use of probiotics fermented feed substitution antibiotic feed is one of the solutions. No antibiotic fermentation feed by the group's research and development, the number of tissue morphology and mucosal immunity associated to observe the change of cells of pig intestine, influence of porcine intestinal absorption and mucosal immune function were studied to provide the experimental basis for elucidating the mechanism of antibiotic fermentation feed without promoting digestion and resistance. This study selected primary health suckling pig 120, were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, each with 6 replicates, each with 10 pigs. 10%. In the experimental group were added to weaning, growth and fattening stage in feed, 20% and 30% fermented feed, nutrition and energy level to the control group and the control group. With conventional antibiotic feed. In 5D, 15d, 25d, 44d, 75D and 180d, were slaughtered samples in each group were randomly selected from 1 pigs, sampling duodenum, jejunum and ileum, fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde by H-E staining to observe the intestinal morphology, PAS staining and determination of the number of goblet cells immunohistochemical determination of M cell and CD3+T cell number. The results showed: the mucosal morphology, intestinal villus length and crypt depth and villus crypt ratio (cashmere gland ratio) and the number of goblet cells in the villi of observation and statistics. The mucosal morphology: experimental group and control group in the mucosal morphology was observed. No significant differences in villus length test group: duodenum from 25 days of age started the whole are slightly higher than the control group, but the difference was not significant (P0.05); jejunum from 15 days of age, the experimental group of villus length was higher than the control group, at the age of 44 days, the experimental group than the control group 7.19%, the difference 鏄捐憲(P0.05),鍦ㄥ叾浠栨棩榫勫樊寮備笉鏄捐憲(P0.05);鍥炶偁鍦，

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