低蛋氨酸对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能和抗氧化能力的影响

发布时间：2018-03-14 08:48

本文选题：低蛋氨酸　切入点：蛋鸡　出处：《河南科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究低蛋氨酸对蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋氨酸代谢途径和抗氧化能力的影响。选取180只62周龄的海兰灰蛋鸡,根据产蛋率均匀分成3组(每组6个重复,每个重复10只):对照组饲喂蛋氨酸水平为0.33%的饲粮,低蛋氨酸组分别饲喂蛋氨酸水平为0.21%、0.27%的饲粮,试验期90天。主要研究结果如下:1.低蛋氨酸对蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响(1)饲粮低蛋氨酸显著影响降低了蛋鸡的平均日采食量、平均产蛋率、平均日产蛋重、平均蛋重和不合格蛋率,提高了料蛋比(P0.05)。(2)低蛋氨酸能够显著影响蛋形指数、蛋壳厚、蛋壳强度、蛋黄颜色和蛋清比率(P0.05),但对蛋壳比率、蛋黄比率、蛋清固体含量、蛋黄固体含量及哈夫单位无显著影响(P0.05)。其中,0.27%蛋氨酸水平组鸡蛋的蛋形指数高于0.21%蛋氨酸水平组(P0.05)。0.21%蛋氨酸水平组鸡蛋的蛋壳厚高于其他两组(P0.05)。0.27%蛋氨酸水平组鸡蛋的蛋壳强度高于0.33%蛋氨酸水平组,蛋黄颜色高于其他两组(P0.05)。蛋清比率随蛋氨酸水平的提高而增加(P0.05),但是并不影响其干物质含量(P0.05)。(3)低蛋氨酸显著影响血清钙、尿酸、白蛋白、甘油三酯、碱性磷酸酶指标(P0.05)。饲粮低蛋氨酸显著影响蛋鸡血清ALP、ALB、UA、TG、Ca、P含量(P0.05)。其中,0.33%蛋氨酸水平组蛋鸡血清ALP最低,Ca和TG含量最高(P0.05)。0.21%蛋氨酸水平组蛋鸡血清ALB最低(P0.05)。血清UA随蛋氨酸含量增加而增加(P0.05)。综上所述,低蛋氨酸显著降低了海兰灰蛋鸡产蛋后期的平均产蛋率、平均日产蛋重、平均蛋重,提高了料蛋比。低蛋氨酸显著影响鸡蛋的蛋品质,降低了蛋清比率,但是提高了蛋壳的强度和厚度。饲粮低蛋氨酸显著改变蛋鸡血清ALP、ALB、UA、TG、Ca、P含量,影响蛋鸡的代谢活动。2.低蛋氨酸对蛋鸡血清游离氨基酸和肝脏蛋氨酸代谢基因表达量的影响(1)低蛋氨酸显著降低蛋鸡血清中蛋氨酸的含量(P0.05)。0.21%蛋氨酸水平组蛋鸡血清中丝氨酸、甘氨酸丙氨酸和鸟氨酸的水平显著高于其他两组,半胱氨酸含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。0.27%蛋氨酸水平组蛋鸡血清中缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸的水平显著低于于对照组(P0.05)。0.21%蛋氨酸水平组蛋鸡血清中氨基己二酸和乙醇胺水平显著高于0.33%蛋氨酸水平组,β-氨基异丁酸和3-甲基组氨酸显著低于0.33%蛋氨酸水平组(P0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,0.21%蛋氨酸水平组显著提高了蛋鸡肝脏中DNA甲基转移酶1、DNA甲基转移酶3a、m6A甲基转移酶3(METTL3)和m6A甲基转移酶14(METTL14)的基因表达量,0.27%蛋氨酸水平组显著提高了蛋鸡肝脏中METTL3基因的表达量(P0.05)。与对照组相比,0.21%蛋氨酸水平组显著提高了蛋鸡肝脏中甲硫氨酸腺苷转移酶1a、5-甲基四氢叶酸-同型半胱氨酸甲基转移酶(MTR)和胱硫醚-β-合成酶的基因表达量,0.27%蛋氨酸水平组显著提高了蛋鸡肝脏中MTR基因的表达量(P0.05)。低蛋氨酸对甲硫氨酸腺苷高半胱氨酸酶和甜菜碱高半胱氨酸甲基转移酶的基因表达量无显著的影响(P0.05)。综上所述,高水平的低蛋氨酸显著影响提高了Dnmt1、Dnmt3a、METTL3、METTL14基因表达量,可能会影响DNA和RNA的甲基化过程。低蛋氨酸显著降低了血清蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸的含量,提高了血清中甘氨酸和丝氨酸的含量及MTR基因的表达量,可能影响蛋氨酸的再合成和转硫基途径。3.低蛋氨酸对蛋鸡血清和肝脏抗氧化指标及肝脏抗氧化基因表达量的影响(1)饲粮低蛋氨酸显著影响血清CAT、GSH-Px、MDA和GSH含量(P0.05)。其中,0.33%蛋氨酸水平组血清的CAT活性高于0.21%和0.27%蛋氨酸水平组(P0.05)。GSH-Px活性随蛋氨酸水平的提高而增加(P0.05)。0.33%蛋氨酸水平组血清的MDA含量低于0.21%蛋氨酸水平组,血清的GSH含量高于0.21%蛋氨酸水平组(P0.05)。(2)饲粮低蛋氨酸显著影响肝脏GSH-Px活性和GSH含量(P0.05)。其中,0.21%蛋氨酸水平组肝脏的GSH-Px活性高于0.27%和0.33%蛋氨酸水平组(P0.05)。GSH的含量随蛋氨酸的降低逐渐减少(P0.05)。(3)饲粮低蛋氨酸显著影响肝脏SOD、CAT、GPX1、GPX2、GPX3和Msr A的表达量(P0.05)。其中,0.33%蛋氨酸水平组肝脏中CAT、GPX1和GPX3的表达量显著低于0.21%蛋氨酸水平组(P0.05)。0.21%蛋氨酸水平组肝脏中GPX1和MsrA的表达量显著高于0.27%和0.33%蛋氨酸水平组。综上所述,低蛋氨酸会通过谷胱甘肽系统显著影响蛋鸡的氧化还原状态。饲粮低蛋氨酸显著降低了血清CAT和GSH-Px的活性和GSH含量、增加了血清中MDA。饲粮低蛋氨酸显著降低了肝脏中GSH-Px的活性和GSH的含量。同时,高水平的低蛋氨酸显著上调了肝脏CAT、GPX1、GPX2、GPX3和MsrA的表达量,从而维持蛋鸡的健康。
[Abstract]:To study the production performance of laying low methionine in this experiment, the influence way and antioxidant capacity of methionine metabolism. A total of 180 62 week old hy line layers, according to the laying rate is evenly divided into 3 groups (6 replicates per group and 10 birds per replicate): the control group was fed 0.33% dietary methionine level, low methionine groups were fed methionine level is 0.21%, 0.27% of the diet, test period of 90 days. The main results are as follows: the production performance of laying hens 1. low methionine influence, egg quality and serum biochemical indexes in low methionine diets (1) significantly reduced the average daily intake of laying hens, the average egg laying rate, the average daily weight, average egg weight and egg failure rate, improve the feed egg ratio (P0.05). (2) low methionine can significantly affect the index of egg shape, eggshell thickness and eggshell strength, egg white and yolk color ratio (P0.05), but the ratio of egg yolk on eggshell, egg ratio. Clear solid content, no significant effect of egg yolk solids and Haugh unit (P0.05). Among them, the egg shape index was 0.27% higher than the 0.21% level of methionine group egg methionine group (P0.05).0.21% methionine level group egg shell thickness higher than the other two groups (P0.05.0.27%) eggshell strength methionine level was higher than 0.33% egg methionine the level of group, egg yolk color than the other two groups (P0.05). The ratio of egg white increased with the increased level of methionine (P0.05), but does not affect the content of dry matter (P0.05). (3) low methionine significantly affect the serum calcium, uric acid, albumin, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase index (P0.05) diet low in methionine significantly. Effect of serum ALP, ALB, UA, TG, Ca, P content (P0.05). Among them, 0.33% groups of serum methionine level ALP is the lowest, and the highest content of TG Ca (P0.05).0.21% ALB minimum serum methionine level group (P0.05). Serum UA And with the increase of methionine content increased (P0.05). In conclusion, low methionine significantly reduced the average egg laying rate of hy line later, the average daily average egg weight, egg weight, increase the ratio of feed to egg. Low methionine significantly affect egg egg quality, reduce the rate of increase than egg white, but the eggshell strength and low dietary methionine significantly change the thickness. Serum ALP, ALB, UA, TG, Ca, P content, affect the metabolic activity of.2. low methionine expression of free amino acids and hepatic methionine metabolism serum gene (1) low methionine significantly reduce the content of methionine in serum (P0.05) serine.0.21% methionine serum group, glycine and alanine and ornithine levels are significantly higher than the other two groups, cysteine content was significantly lower than the control group (P0.05).0.27% group serum levels of methionine valine, ISO Leucine, phenylalanine, arginine and proline levels were significantly lower than those in the control group (P0.05).0.21% group serum methionine level in amino adipic acid and ethanolamine were significantly higher than that of the 0.33% methionine group, baib and 3- methylhistidine was significantly lower than that of 0.33% methionine group (P0.05) (2) compared with the control. Group 0.21%, methionine levels were significantly increased in liver of laying hens in DNA methyltransferase 1, DNA methyltransferase 3a, m6A methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) and m6A methyltransferase 14 (METTL14) gene expression, 0.27% methionine group significantly increased the expression of METTL3 gene in liver of laying hens (P0.05) compared with the control group, 0.21% methionine levels were significantly increased 1A enzyme adenosine methionine transfer in liver of laying hens, transferase 5- methyltrahydrofolate - homocysteine methyl (MTR) and cystathionine beta synthase gene The expression of the 0.27% methionine group significantly increased the expression of MTR gene in liver of laying hens (P0.05). Low methionine to methionine adenosylhomocysteinase and betaine homocysteine methyltransferase gene expression had no significant effect (P0.05). In conclusion, low methionine significantly affect the increase of Dnmt1, Dnmt3a. METTL3, expression of METTL14, DNA and RNA may affect the methylation process. Low methionine significantly reduced serum methionine, cysteine content, improve the content and expression of MTR gene of glycine and serine in the serum, may affect the synthesis of methionine and sulfonium low methionine on serum and.3. pathway the liver antioxidant index and liver antioxidant gene expression of laying hens (1) GSH-Px diets low in methionine significantly affected the serum levels of CAT, MDA, and the content of GSH (P0.05). Among them, 0.33% egg ammonia The level of serum CAT acid group was higher than that of 0.21% and 0.27% methionine group (P0.05) increased the activity of.GSH-Px increased with the level of methionine (P0.05) serum MDA.0.33% methionine level group less than 0.21% methionine group, serum GSH content higher than 0.21% methionine level group (P0.05). (2) low methionine diets significantly effect of liver GSH-Px activity and GSH content (P0.05). Among them, 0.21% methionine level liver GSH-Px activity is higher than that of group 0.27% and 0.33% methionine group (P0.05) to reduce the content of.GSH gradually decreased with the increasing methionine (P0.05). (3) diet low in methionine significantly affect the liver SOD, CAT, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 expression Msr and A (P0.05). Among them, 0.33% methionine levels of liver in group CAT, expression of GPX1 and GPX3 were significantly lower than the 0.21% level of methionine group (P0.05) and MsrA.0.21% GPX1 expression level of methionine group in the liver was significantly higher than that of 0.27% And 0.33% methionine group. In conclusion, the low methionine state by glutathione redox system has significant effect on laying hens. Diet low in methionine significantly reduced the activity of GSH and the content of serum CAT and GSH-Px, increased the serum MDA. in diets low in methionine decreased the content of GSH-Px in the liver and GSH activity. At the same time, the high level of the low methionine increased liver CAT, GPX1, GPX2, expression of GPX3 and MsrA, so as to maintain the health of laying hens.

【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S831.5

【参考文献】