巨大芽孢杆菌制剂对牛羊的安全性评价及胃肠道微生物的影响

发布时间：2018-03-15 12:12

本文选题：巨大芽孢杆菌　切入点：安全性评价　出处：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1、通过在日粮中添加推荐剂量的5倍及10倍巨大芽孢杆菌制剂对泌乳奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵、血液生化指标的影响,对巨大芽孢杆菌制剂在泌乳奶牛应用上的研究进行安全性进行评价。选择24头胎次、泌乳天数、产奶量相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机区组设计,随机分为4组,每组6头。分别在日粮中添加0 g/d·头、10 g/d·头(推荐剂量)、50g/d·头(5倍)和100g/d·头(10倍)的巨大芽孢杆菌制剂,预试期14d,正试期63d。结果表明:在日粮中添加50 g/d·头(5倍)和100 g/d·头(10倍)的巨大芽孢杆菌制剂对泌乳奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵以及血液生化指标等方面无不良影响。2、研究巨大芽孢杆菌制剂不同添加水平对山羊瘤胃细菌群落的影响。试验选用7头体况良好,体重相近(24±2.37kg)并安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的山羊。采用自体对照设计,共分四期进行,第一期仅饲喂基础日粮;第二期在日粮中添加0.2 g/d·头巨大芽孢杆菌制剂;第三期在日粮中添加0.4g/d·头巨大芽孢杆菌制剂;第四期在日粮中添加0.8 g/d·头巨大芽孢杆菌制剂。采样期采集瘤胃液,提取总DNA,利用HiSeq2500测序平台对细菌16S V4区进行测序分析。结果表明:(1)0.4 g/d组物种丰富度指数Chao 1和Ace均显著高于对照组(P0.05);物种多样性指数Simpson和Shannon各处理组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。(2)山羊瘤胃中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)以及变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度占94%以上,为瘤胃中优势菌门;(3)0.8 g/d组普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、理研菌属(Rikenellaceae)相对比例均显著高于对照组(P0.05),甲烷短杆菌属(Methanobrevibacter)相对比例显著低于对照组(P0.05)。0.2 g/d组鼠孢菌属(Succiniclasticum)相对比例显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3、研究巨大芽孢杆菌制剂不同添加水平对山羊瘤胃主要纤维、蛋白质降解细菌,肠道主要有益和有害细菌的影响。采样期采集山羊瘤胃液和粪便新鲜样,提取总DNA,利用qPCR进行相对定量。结果表明:(1)0.4g/d组巨大芽孢杆菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、白色瘤胃球菌相对表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05);0.8 g/d组黄色瘤胃球菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌相对表达量显著高于对照组;对照组栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌相对表达量显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。(2)0.2 g/d组乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌相对表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05),肠球菌相对表达量显著低于其他各组(P0.05);对照组沙门氏菌相对表达量显著低于其他各组。结论:在泌乳奶牛日粮中添加50 g/d·头、100 g/d·头巨大芽孢杆菌制剂对奶牛安全性无不良影响。添加l0g/d·头巨大芽孢杆菌制剂时能够提高标准乳产量。在山羊日粮中添加0.4 g/d·头巨大芽孢杆菌制剂可以提高瘤胃细菌的丰富度。在山羊日粮中添加巨大芽孢杆菌制剂可以促进瘤胃中纤维分解菌黄色瘤胃球菌、白色瘤胃球菌;以及蛋白分解菌溶纤维丁酸弧菌、嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌、栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌的生长繁殖;以及促进山羊肠道中有益微生物乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌生长繁殖,抑制有害微生物肠球菌、沙门氏菌的生长繁殖。
[Abstract]:1, by adding 5 times the recommended dose of Rumen in the diet and 10 times of Bacillus Preparation on production performance of lactating dairy cows, fermentation, influence blood biochemical index, safety of Bacillus megaterium preparation application in lactating dairy cows was evaluated. On 24 first parity, lactation, milk yield similar to healthy Holstein cows, using randomized complete block design, were randomly divided into 4 groups, 6 pigs in each group. 0 g/d head were added in the diets of 10 g/d (recommended dose), head 50g/d head (5 times) and 100g/d (10 times) - head of huge bacillus preparation pre trial period, 14d test period 63d. results showed that the addition of 50 g/d per head in the diet (5 times) and 100 g/d (10 times) the head of Bacillus megaterium preparation on production performance of lactating dairy cows, rumen fermentation and blood biochemical indexes and no adverse effects of.2 on Bacillus Preparation different adding water The impact on the community of goat rumen bacteria. Experiment 7 head body in good condition, with similar body weight (24 + 2.37kg) and fitted with permanent rumen fistulated goats. Using auto control design, is divided into four phases, the first phase only fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.2 g; second /d, head of Bacillus megaterium preparation in diets; third add 0.4g/d - head of Bacillus megaterium preparation in diets; fourth with 0.8 g/d - head of Bacillus megaterium preparation in the diet. The sampling period collecting rumen fluid, the extraction of total DNA by HiSeq2500 sequencing analysis platform for sequencing of bacterial 16S V4 region. The results showed that: (1) 0.4 g/d species richness index of Chao 1 and Ace were significantly higher than control group (P0.05); there was no significant difference between the species diversity index of Simpson and Shannon in each treatment group (P0.05). (2) the Bacteroidetes in rumen (Bacteroidetes), Firmicutes (Firmicutes), Guangzhou Archaea gate (Euryarchaeota), Chloroflexi (Chloroflexi) and Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) relative abundance accounted for more than 94%, as the dominant bacteria in the rumen; (3) 0.8 g/d group (Prevotella), the Poulet Was genus RIKEN sp. (Rikenellaceae) ratio were significantly higher than control group (P0.05 Brevibacterium), methane (Methanobrevibacter) ratio was significantly lower than the control group (P0.05).0.2 g/d group sp. (Succiniclasticum) ratio was significantly higher than the control group (.3, P0.05) of Bacillus megaterium preparations with different addition levels on the rumen main fiber, protein degradation bacteria, effects of intestinal beneficial and harmful bacteria. Sampling of gastric juice and goat feces collection period of fresh tumor samples, extracted the total DNA, relative quantification by qPCR. The results showed that: (1) 0.4g/d group of Bacillus megaterium, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, r.albus relative expression level significantly Higher than that of the control group (P0.05 group); 0.8 g/d yellow Ruminococcus, b.fibrisolvens relative expression was significantly higher than the control group; the control group in rumen Prevost's bacteria relative expression was significantly lower than the other groups (P0.05). (2) 0.2 g/d group, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides relative expression was significantly higher than that of control group (P0.05), the relative expression of Enterococcus was significantly lower than other groups (P0.05); the control group Salmonella expression was significantly lower than that of the other groups. Conclusion: the addition of 50 g/d in lactating dairy cow diets, 100 g/d - head of Bacillus megaterium preparation on dairy safety without adverse effects. Add l0g/d huge head bacillus preparation can improve the standard milk yield. Adding 0.4 g/d head of Bacillus megaterium preparation can improve the richness of rumen bacteria in goat diets. Add bacillus preparation in goat diets can promote the rumen fiber Decomposing bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens, r.albus; and protein decomposing bacteria b.fibrisolvens, ruminobacter amylophilus, Prevost's habitat rumen bacteria; and promote goat intestinal beneficial microorganism in Lactobacillus, Bacteroides growth inhibition, Enterococcus harmful bacterium, Salmonella growth and reproduction.

【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S823.5;S827.5

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