吸附剂对肉鸭日粮中黄曲霉毒素吸附效果的研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 04:38

  本文选题：黄曲霉毒素　切入点：吸附剂　出处：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究选择以黄曲霉毒素为主的自然霉变棉粕(黄曲霉毒素含量为1337.21μg·kg-1)作为试验中黄曲霉毒素来源,考察黄曲霉毒素对樱桃谷肉鸭生长发育规律、生产性能、免疫功能、肝脏功能及肝脏组织病变的影响;评价并比较蒙脱石和酵母细胞壁吸附剂对黄曲霉毒素毒性效应的缓解作用。选用1日龄健康肉公鸭360只,随机分为4个组,T1组饲喂基础饲粮,T2组用霉变棉粕替代正常棉粕,棉粕添加比例均为8%,T3和T4组分别在霉变饲粮中添加2.0 g·kg-1的蒙脱石或酵母细胞壁吸附剂。每组6个重复,每个重复15只试验鸭。试验期为35天,分为1~14天(前期)和15~35天(后期)两个阶段。试验期间考察每周生产性能:平均体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比以及前后期屠宰性能;免疫性能指标:脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊相对器官重,血清免疫球蛋白A、G、M含量;肝脏功能指标:血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,肝脏指数以及肝脏病理分析。结果表明:(1)研究黄曲霉毒素对樱桃谷肉鸭生长及骨骼肌发育规律的影响发现,用Gompertz模型能够较好地拟合樱桃谷肉鸭的生长曲线和骨骼肌的生长发育规律,R2≥0.97。黄曲霉毒素能够造成肉鸭生长体重降低,拐点日龄延后,拐点体重和最大日增重降低;胸肌和骨骼肌生长重量降低,拐点重量和最大日增重降低。曲线回归异速方程拟合结果来看,胸肌与活重以多项式回归和幂回归最好,R2=0.99;腿肌与活重以线性回归、多项式回归和幂回归最好,R2=0.99。F检验均达到极显著水平(P0.01)。(2)霉变棉粕显著降低肉鸭各日龄阶段平均体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.05),显著提高除7-14日龄的各阶段料重比(P0.05)。霉变日粮中添加吸附剂显著提高各日龄阶段体重(P0.05),显著提高除第22-28日龄以外的各阶段的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P0.05),显著降低15-21、29-35、15-35日龄料重比(P0.05)。与酵母细胞壁相比,蒙脱石吸附剂显著提高第14日龄体重(P0.05),显著提高肉鸭8-14和1-14日龄体增重(P0.05),显著提高肉鸭8-14、22-28、1-14、15-35日龄采食量(P0.05),显著降低肉鸭22-28和15-35日龄料重比(P0.05)。(3)霉变棉粕显著提高肉鸭除28日龄脾脏指数(P0.05),显著提高各日龄胸腺和法氏囊指数(P0.05),显著提高第14、21、28日龄血清Ig A含量(P0.05),显著降低各日龄阶段血清Ig G和Ig M含量(P0.05)。吸附剂显著降低7、21、35日龄脾脏指数以及各日龄阶段胸腺和法氏囊指数(P0.05),显著降低14和28日龄血清Ig A含量(P0.05),显著提高各日龄阶段血清Ig G和Ig M含量(P0.05)。与酵母细胞壁相比,蒙脱石吸附剂显著降低14、21和35日龄脾脏指数(P0.05),显著降低7、28和35日龄胸腺指数以及各日龄阶段法氏囊指数(P0.05),显著降低28日龄血清Ig A含量(P0.05),显著提高各日龄阶段血清中Ig G和Ig M含量(P0.05)。(4)霉变棉粕显著降低试验肉鸭各日龄阶段血清中TP和ALB浓度(P0.05),显著降低14、21和28日龄血清ALP活性(P0.05),显著提高各日龄的ALT活性和第7、14、28日龄血清AST活性以及各日龄肝脏器官相对指数(P0.05),肝脏组织出现明显的病理变化。吸附剂显著提高第7、14、21、35日龄血清TP和第14、21、35日龄血清ALB含量(P0.05),显著提高14和28日龄ALP活性(P0.05),显著降低各日龄肉鸭ALT活性、肝脏器官相对指数以及第7、14、28日龄血清AST活性(P0.05)。与酵母细胞壁相比,蒙脱石吸附剂显著提高肉鸭第7、14和35日龄血清TP含量以及第14和35日龄血清ALB含量(P0.05),显著提高第14和28日龄血清ALP活性(P0.05),显著降低各日龄阶段血清ALT活性以及第7、14、28日龄血清AST活性(P0.05),显著降低第14、21和28日龄肝脏器官相对指数(P0.05)。综合以上试验结果表明:樱桃谷试验肉鸭采食黄曲霉毒素污染的日粮后,生产性能受到严重影响,出现体重降低、平均日增重、平均日采食量下降以及料重比升高,而且免疫功能、肝脏功能受到较大损伤。吸附剂能够部分消除黄曲霉毒素对肉鸭造成的毒性效应,可显著提高肉鸭生产性能,改善黄曲霉毒素对肉鸭免疫功能及肝脏的毒性。与酵母细胞壁相比,蒙脱石吸附剂缓解黄曲霉毒素毒性的效果更好。
[Abstract]:This study chooses aflatoxin based natural moldy meal (aflatoxin content of 1337.21 G - kg-1) as a source of aflatoxin test, effects of aflatoxin on the ducks growth rule, production performance, immune function, liver function and effect of liver tissue lesions; evaluate and compare the montmorillonite and yeast cell wall adsorption effect to relieve the effect of aflatoxin toxicity agent. At the age of 1 day were 360 healthy meat ducks, were randomly divided into 4 groups, T1 group was fed a basal diet, group T2 with normal mildew of cottonseed meal, cotton meal proportion was 8%, T3 and T4 respectively in moldy diets add 2 g kg-1 montmorillonite or yeast cell wall adsorption agent. Each group had 6 replicates and 15 birds per replicate test duck. The experiment period was 35 days, divided into 1~14 days (early) and 15~35 (two days later) stages. During the study of weekly production test Can the average weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio and the period before and after the slaughter performance; immune performance index: spleen, thymus and bursa of relative organ weight, serum immunoglobulin A, G, M content; liver function index: serum total protein, albumin content, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity, liver index and pathological analysis. The results showed that: (1) found that the effect of aflatoxin on growth and development of Cherry Valley Duck skeletal muscle, can better fit the growth rule of Sakura Momodani duck growth curve and skeletal muscle by Gompertz model, R2 = 0.97. of Aspergillus flavus the toxin can cause the growth of duck weight decreased, the inflection age delayed, and the maximum gain inflection point weight reduction; pectoral muscle and skeletal muscle growth and reduce weight, inflection point weight and maximum daily weight gain was reduced. The allometric regression curve equation The fitting results, chest and live weight in polynomial regression and power regression best, R2=0.99; leg muscle and live weight by linear regression, exponential regression and polynomial regression, R2=0.99.F test was significant (P0.01). (2) significantly reduced the mildew each day old duck meal period average weight, average daily gain and the average daily feed intake (P0.05), significantly increased in addition to the stage of 7-14 days old material weight ratio (P0.05). Add moldy diets adsorption agent can significantly improve all ages (P0.05), body weight increased significantly in each stage except the 22-28 days average daily gain and average daily feed intake (P0.05), significantly decreased 15-21,29-35,15-35 days feed weight ratio (P0.05). Compared with the yeast cell wall, montmorillonite adsorbent significantly increased body weight at fourteenth days (P0.05), significantly increased 8-14 ducks and 1-14 days of age, body weight gain (P0.05), significantly improve the duck 8-14,22-28,1-14,15-35 days. 椋熼噺(P0.05),鏄捐憲闄嶄綆鑲夐腑22-28鍜，

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