围封和放牧对科尔沁沙质草地植被和土壤的影响

发布时间：2018-03-16 23:02

本文选题：沙质草地　切入点：围封　出处：《生态环境学报》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：选择科尔沁沙地自由放牧和围封10年的沙质草地为研究对象,通过野外调查与室内分析相结合,分析了围封和放牧对沙质草地群落土壤和植被的影响,旨在为退化沙地恢复与重建提供科学依据。结果表明,(1)围封和放牧草地盖度、密度、地上生物量、高度存在显著差异(P0.01),围封使群落盖度、密度、地上生物量和高度分别增加了67%、79%、71%和44%。(2)放牧草地物种数为15种,围封草地为21种,放牧草地物种数增加了40%,大果虫实、狗尾草、差巴嘎蒿是放牧草地群落的优势物种,其重要值占71%;达乌里胡枝子、狗尾草、画眉草、猪毛菜和虎尾草是围封草地群落的优势物种,其重要值占60%。放牧草地处于一年生杂类草+差巴嘎蒿的沙地退化演替阶段,围封草地处于达乌里胡枝子+一年生禾草+一年生杂类草的沙地恢复演替阶段。(3)围封草地的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Margalef指数、Pielow均匀度指数均大于放牧草地,说明围封提高了群落的物种多样性。(4)围封和放牧草地群落0~20 cm和20~40 cm的土壤水分、土壤机械存在极显著差异(P0.01),围封使沙质草地群落土壤水分、土壤黏粉粒和细砂粒增加。除速效氮外,围封和放牧草地群落土壤的化学性质差异显著(P0.001)。围封与放牧草地相比,总磷、总氮、速效磷和有机质均呈上升趋势,增幅分别为72%、152%、15%和272%。(5)0~20 cm的土壤理化因子:土壤水分、粗砂粒、细砂粒、粉黏粒、有机质、全氮与植被特征因子显著相关(P0.01),表明群落植被与土壤之间相互影响较强。
[Abstract]:The effects of enclosure and grazing on the soil and vegetation of sandy grassland community were analyzed by field investigation and indoor analysis. In order to provide scientific basis for restoration and reconstruction of degraded sandy land, the results showed that there were significant differences in coverage, density, aboveground biomass and height between enclosure and grazing grassland. The aboveground biomass and height increased by 67.791% and 440.10%, respectively.) there were 15 species in grazing grassland, 21 species in enclosed grassland, and 40 species in grazing grassland. The important value of herbaceous herbaceous grass is 71.The dominant species of enclosed grassland community is Lesculia dauricae, Cucurbita dauricum, Sargassum dauricum and Thunb Thunb. The grazing grassland is at the stage of sandy land degradation and succession of the annual hybrid Artemisia sphaeracea, which is the dominant species in the enclosed grassland community. The Shannon-Wiener index of enclosed grassland is higher than that of grazing grassland, and the Shannon-Wiener index of enclosed grassland is higher than that of grazing grassland. The results showed that the species diversity of the community was improved by the enclosure. 4) the soil moisture of the herding grassland community was 0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm, and the soil mechanical difference was very significant (P 0.01), and the soil moisture content of the sandy grassland community was increased by the enclosure. In addition to available nitrogen, the soil chemical properties of enclosed and grazing grassland communities were significantly different (P0.001). Compared with grazing grassland, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter in enclosed grassland increased. The soil physical and chemical factors of soil moisture, coarse sand, fine sand, silty clay, organic matter, total nitrogen and vegetation characteristic factors were significantly related to the soil physical and chemical factors of soil moisture, coarse sand, fine sand, silt clay, organic matter, total nitrogen and vegetation characteristic factors (P0.01), respectively, indicating that the interaction between community vegetation and soil was stronger.
【作者单位】：湖北大学资源环境学院;
【基金】：湖北省教育厅重点项目(D2015003) 湖北省科技厅软科学专项(2013BDF034) 生物资源绿色转化湖北省协同创新中心
【分类号】：S812

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