饲粮中添加巨大芽孢杆菌制剂对仔鹅生产性能、养分利用及肠道菌群的影响

发布时间：2018-03-17 03:20

本文选题：巨大芽孢杆菌　切入点：仔鹅　出处：《扬州大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究不同剂量巨大芽孢杆菌对鹅生产性能、养分利用及肠道微生物多样性的影响。选用260只1日龄体重相近及健康的扬州鹅公鹅,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复13只。对照组(A组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(B、C、D组)在基础饲粮中分别添加20、40、60mg/kg巨大芽孢杆菌制剂(即饲粮中含有的活菌数为2×105 CFU/g、 4×105CFU/g、6×105CFU/g),试验期为70d。通过饲养代谢试验及微生物试验来分析巨大芽孢杆菌对鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、营养物质代谢率、肠道微生物多样性等方面的影响。结果显示：1.生长性能：与对照组相比,日粮中添加巨大芽孢杆菌对仔鹅早期的生长速度有显著促进作用(P0.05),而且在20～60 mg/kg的添加量范围内高浓度促生长效果高于低浓度添加量；添加40.60 mg/kg巨大芽孢杆菌能显著提高29～70日龄仔鹅ADFI (P0.05)。2.屠宰测定：与对照组相比,在内脏器官发育方面,60 mg/kg巨大芽孢杆菌显著提高了70日龄仔鹅肌胃指数及空肠指数(P0.05)；在屠宰性能方面,巨大芽孢杆菌添加量达到60 mg/kg时,70日龄仔鹅全净膛率、半净膛率显著提高(P0.05)。3.养分利用：与对照组相比,当巨大芽孢杆菌添加量达到60 mg/kg时,干物质的表观代谢率显著提高(P0.05),蛋白质的表观代谢率呈现提高的趋势(P0.1)。此外,氮的利用率显著提高,除臭效果明显。仔鹅排泄物中尿酸酶相对活性显著降低(P0.05)；尿酸水平极显著降低(P0.01)；28日龄仔鹅排泄物中尿素氮水平及其血液中氨态氮浓度、黄嘌呤氧化酶活性都显著降低(P0.05)；而当巨大芽孢杆菌添加量达到40 mg/kg时,70日龄仔鹅血液中尿素氮水平已经极显著降低(P0.01)。4.分泌型免疫球蛋白A (sIgA):添加60 mg/kg巨大芽孢杆菌,28日龄仔鹅空肠sIgA含量显著增加(P0.05)。5.肠道微生物多样性：当添加60 mg/kg巨大芽孢杆菌时,各肠段细菌数量相对较少,且随着巨大芽孢杆菌添加量的增加,各肠段菌群与对照组相比,其相似性逐渐降低,说明随着巨大芽孢杆菌剂量的增加,新菌群的出现量也在增加：分离得到的肠道优势菌群条带与GenBank上的序列相似性高达96%以上,且以不可培养菌为主,其中高同源性的未知菌可能是细菌种群中的新属或新种,有待于进一步研究。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different doses of Bacillus megaterium on the performance, nutrient utilization and intestinal microbial diversity of geese. 260 Yangzhou geese with similar body weight and healthy body weight at 1 day were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates in each group. The control group (group A) was fed with basic diet. The experimental group (group B) was supplemented with 20 ~ 40mg / kg Bacillus megaculis (2 脳 10 ~ 5 CFU / g, 4 脳 10 ~ 5 CFU / g, 4 脳 10 ~ 5 CFU / g ~ (6 脳 10 ~ 5) CFU / g ~ (-1)) in basal diet, respectively. The growth performance of Bacillus megaterium on goose was analyzed by feeding metabolic test and microbial test. Effects of slaughter performance, nutrient metabolism rate, intestinal microbial diversity, etc. The results showed that: 1. Growth performance: compared with the control group, Addition of Bacillus megaterium to diet significantly promoted the growth rate of foetus geese at early stage, and the effect of high concentration was higher than that of low concentration in the range of 20 ~ 60 mg/kg. The addition of 40.60 mg/kg Bacillus megaculis significantly increased ADFI P0.050.2. slaughter assay: compared with the control group, there was no significant difference between the two groups. In the development of visceral organs, Bacillus megaterium significantly increased the muscle and stomach index and jejunum index of 70 day-old geese in the development of visceral organs, and in the slaughter performance, when the addition amount of Bacillus megaterium reached 60 mg/kg, the whole yield of 70 day old goslings was removed. Nutrient utilization: compared with the control group, the apparent metabolic rate of dry matter increased significantly when the addition of Bacillus megaterium reached 60 mg/kg, and the apparent metabolic rate of protein increased. The utilization rate of nitrogen increased significantly and the deodorization effect was obvious. The relative activity of uric acid in feces of piglets and geese decreased significantly (P 0.05), and the level of uric acid decreased significantly the level of urea nitrogen in excreta and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in blood of young geese at the age of 28 days. The activity of xanthine oxidase decreased significantly (P 0.05), and when the addition of Bacillus megaterium reached 40 mg/kg, the blood urea nitrogen level of 70 day old goslings had been significantly reduced. Secretory immunoglobulin A sIgA: add 60 mg/kg giant spores. The sIgA content in jejunum of 28 day old goslings increased significantly (P 0.05N. 5). The diversity of intestinal microorganism: when 60 mg/kg Bacillus megaculis was added, The number of bacteria in each intestinal segment was relatively small, and with the increase of the amount of Bacillus megaterium, the similarity of the bacteria in each intestinal segment was gradually decreased compared with the control group, indicating that with the increase of the dosage of Bacillus megaterium, The number of new bacteria was also increasing: the sequence similarity between the isolated intestinal dominant flora and GenBank was as high as 96%, and the unculturable bacteria were dominant, among which the unknown bacteria with high homology might be new genera or new species in the bacterial population. Further study is needed.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S835.5

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