奶牛胎衣不下病因调查及阴离子盐防治效果的研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 03:12

本文选题：奶牛胎衣不下　切入点：发病率　出处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：胎衣不下（RFM）是奶牛重要的繁殖障碍性疾病之一，造成奶牛产业严重的经济损失。本研究在甘肃某牛场四分场和五分场展开，通过对RFM发病率流行病学调查、阴离子日粮对奶牛胎衣不下的防治效果和阴离子盐对围产期奶牛尿液pH、部分血清指标和生产性能的影响三个主要方面进行研究。试验在甘肃某牛场四分厂和五分场进行。四分厂共存栏1100头奶牛，对614头奶牛在2013年10月至2014年9月的分娩情况进行流行病学调查。分析不同因素对RFM发病率的影响。两个牛场分别给妊娠母畜饲喂含有阴离子盐的日粮和正常日粮。通过对饲料中主要阴阳离子的检测，计算出DCAD值，并探究阴离子盐对RFM发病率的影响。观察饲喂阴离子盐后奶牛尿液pH的变化。选取四分场、五分场各10头奶牛在分娩前7天、5天、3天和分娩后1天颈静脉采血，分离血清。对试验奶牛血清中矿物质元素K、Na、Cl、Ca、P、Mg，GOT（谷草转氨酶）、GPT（谷丙转氨酶），PTH（甲状旁腺激素）、1,25-(OH)2D3（1,25-二羟基维生素D3）进行检测；统计分析添加阴离子盐后对围产期奶牛乳热发病率、泌乳量的影响。发病规律调查结果发现，季节对RFM发病率影响显著，四季发病率从高到低，依次为：夏、冬、秋、春。随着胎次的增加， RFM发病率呈显著递增趋势。早产、流产、难产、子宫感染会提高RFM发病率。胎儿过轻或过重的发病率均高于正常体重范围内的RFM发病率。胎儿性别不是RFM的主要影响因素。双胎极显著的增加了RFM的发病率。奶牛四分场饲料DCAD为68.32meq/kgDM，为阴离子型饲料。五分场饲料DCAD为33.02meq/kgDM，为阳离子型饲料。四分场在日粮中添加阴离子盐，显著降低了RFM的发病率。饲喂含有阴离子盐饲料的母畜尿液pH值下降至6.81左右，呈弱酸性。血清检测结果证实，试验组血清中Ca含量显著高于对照组，其他差异不显著。血清中GOT、GPT含量变化差异不显著。同时说明了阴离子盐对于肝脏功能没有损伤。试验组与对照组相比，，血清中PTH含量显著降低、1,25-(OH)2D3含量显著升高。饲喂阴离子盐，可有效减少乳热的发生，显著提高围产期奶牛产后泌乳量。
[Abstract]:Fetal coat is one of the important reproductive disorders in dairy cattle, which results in serious economic loss in dairy industry. This study was carried out in four and five sub-fields of a cattle farm in Gansu Province, and an epidemiological investigation on the incidence of RFM was carried out. The control effect of anionic diet on fetal coat of dairy cows and the effect of anionic salts on urine pH, some serum indexes and production performance of perinatal cows were studied. The experiment was carried out in the fourth and fifth branches of a cattle farm in Gansu Province, where 1100 cows were stored in the fourth branch plant. An epidemiological survey was carried out on 614 dairy cows during the period from October 2013 to September 2014. The effects of different factors on the incidence of RFM were analyzed. Grain. Through the detection of the main anions and anions in feed, The DCAD value was calculated, and the effect of anionic salt on the incidence of RFM was investigated. The urine pH of cows fed with anionic salt was observed. The blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 10 cows on the 7th day before delivery and the jugular vein at 1 day after delivery. Separation of serum. Determination of mineral element K _ (Na) NaClCl _ (C) (P _ (+)) (GPTT) in serum of experimental dairy cattle, statistical analysis of the incidence of peripartum milk heat after adding anionic salt to dairy cow milk, and analysis of parathyroid hormone (parathyroid hormone) (parathyroid hormone) (parathyroid hormone (PTH) _ (25-OH) ~ (2) D _ (3)), after adding anionic salt to milk of dairy cattle, the incidence of fever in perinatal milk was analyzed. The effect of lactation. The results of investigation showed that the incidence of RFM was significantly affected by seasons, and the incidence rate in four seasons was from high to low, followed by summer, winter, autumn and spring. With the increase of birth order, the incidence of RFM increased significantly. Uterine infection can increase the incidence of RFM. The incidence of fetal light or overweight is higher than that of normal body weight. Fetal sex is not the main influencing factor of RFM. Twin pregnancy significantly increases the incidence of RFM. The fourth field feed DCAD was 68.32 meq / kg DMand, and the fifth field feed DCAD was 33.02 meq / kg DMM, which was cationic feed. The incidence of RFM was significantly reduced by adding anionic salt to the diet. The urine pH value of female animals fed with anionic salt feed decreased to about 6.81, which was weakly acidic. The serum level of Ca in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Other differences were not significant. There was no significant difference in the content of GPT in serum. The results showed that the anion salt had no damage to liver function. Compared with the control group, the content of PTH in the serum of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the content of PTH in serum was significantly higher than that in the control group. It can effectively reduce the occurrence of milk fever and significantly increase the amount of postpartum lactation in perinatal cows.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S858.23

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