射频识别和活动量检测技术在奶牛场管理中的应用

发布时间：2018-03-19 01:17

本文选题：奶牛信息　切入点：RFID　出处：《天津理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：奶牛产业是一种高效节约型畜牧业,可有效地调整农业产业结构、促进农村经济、增加农民收入,奶牛业的产业链长,对经济的拉动作用大,已经成为我国农业经济的重要分支。近几年,我国奶牛业虽然得到了飞速发展,但在奶牛的现代化管理上存在缺陷,技术不够成熟,与发达国家相比还存在很大差距。因此,如何采用更加科学的牧场管理技术,提高牛奶的质量与产量,对推进我国奶牛养殖业的发展具有重要意义。奶牛的科学化管理需要面对个体差异,有针对性地进行饲养与监控,如何获取每头奶牛的个体信息及其活动状况,成为实现奶牛业高效现代化管理的先决条件。本文在查阅了大量相关文献的基础上,综合射频识别技术、无线通讯技术以及低功耗单片机技术,设计了一套奶牛个体信息采集和活动量检测系统。系统选用耳标式动物电子标识为每一头奶牛建立个体信息,通过手持式耳标读写器快速、准确地读取奶牛耳标内的信息,奶牛的活动量由佩戴在奶牛腿部的运动传感器采集获得,并以无线传输的方式将信息发送至主控机上,帮助饲养人员实时监控奶牛的运动状况,及时做出分析及应对,实现科学化管理。本文首先介绍了射频识别和活动量检测技术的工作原理,以此为基础,设计了基于ARM-STM32的手持式读写器,选用S50无源电子标签作为牛耳标,工作频率为13.56MHz,可写入、读取奶牛相关信息且标签耐腐蚀、不易损环;其次使用加速度传感器MMA7455采集奶牛运动步数,通过低功耗无线数据传输芯片NRF24L01将数据传输至主控机并加以显示,可实时、直观地监控奶牛运动状况。系统的软件设计采用结构化和模块化的编程思想,编程语言为C语言,设计出系统的全部程序后,给出了几部分重要模块的系统流程。为了提高耳标识别的准确性,本文针对射频识别系统中多标签数据碰撞的问题,研究了防碰撞算法并对该算法进行了改进,提出位锁定和动态分析相结合的改进方案,通过MATLAB对改进算法的性能指标进行仿真分析,结果表明:改进算法可提高耳标识别的工作效率,更好的解决多头奶牛进入射频区域后产生的数据碰撞问题。系统的硬件和软件设计完成后,对其性能进行了测试,测试结果表明:在读写器有效范围内可快速、准确地识别耳标信息,活动量检测系统可实时、有效地监控奶牛运动状况,为奶牛养殖场提供了重要的研究数据。
[Abstract]:Dairy industry is a kind of efficient and economical animal husbandry, which can effectively adjust the structure of agricultural industry, promote rural economy, increase farmers' income, have long industrial chain and play a great role in pulling the economy. It has become an important branch of agricultural economy in our country. Although the dairy industry of our country has been developed rapidly in recent years, there are some defects in the modern management of dairy cattle, the technology is not mature enough, and there is still a big gap compared with the developed countries. How to adopt more scientific pasture management technology to improve the quality and yield of milk is of great significance to promote the development of dairy cattle breeding industry in China. The scientific management of dairy cows needs to face individual differences and carry out raising and monitoring in a targeted way. How to obtain the individual information and the activity status of each cow becomes a prerequisite for realizing the efficient and modern management of dairy cattle industry. This paper, on the basis of consulting a large number of related documents, synthesizes the radio frequency identification technology. Wireless communication technology and low-power single-chip computer technology are used to design a set of individual information collection and activity measurement system for dairy cows. The system selects ear-labeled animal electronic marking to establish individual information for each cow. Through the hand-held earmark reader, the information in the cow's ear mark is read quickly and accurately. The activity of the cow is collected by the motion sensor worn on the cow's leg, and the information is transmitted to the main control machine by wireless transmission. This paper first introduces the working principle of radio frequency identification (RFID) and activity measurement technology, based on the analysis and response of dairy cattle, which can help the farmers to monitor the dairy cow's movement status in real time, and to realize scientific management in a timely manner. A hand-held reading and writing device based on ARM-STM32 is designed. The S50 passive electronic label is chosen as the ox ear label. The working frequency is 13.56 MHz, which can be written, read the relevant information of the cow, and the label is corrosion-resistant and not easy to damage the ring. Secondly, the acceleration sensor MMA7455 is used to collect the dairy cow's motion step, and the data is transmitted to the main control machine and displayed by the low power wireless data transmission chip NRF24L01, and it can be displayed in real time. The software design of the system adopts the thought of structured and modular programming, the programming language is C language, after designing all the programs of the system, In order to improve the accuracy of earmark recognition, the anti-collision algorithm of multi-label data in RFID system is studied and improved in this paper. An improved scheme combining bit locking and dynamic analysis is proposed. The performance index of the improved algorithm is simulated by MATLAB. The results show that the improved algorithm can improve the efficiency of ear mark recognition. After the hardware and software design of the system is completed, the performance of the system is tested. The test results show that: in the effective range of the reader, it can be quickly. The information of ear mark can be recognized accurately and the system can monitor the movement of dairy cattle in real time and provide important research data for dairy cattle farm.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823;TP391.44

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