玉米、碎米挤压膨化加工参数优化及其对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

发布时间：2018-03-19 18:02

本文选题：玉米　切入点：碎米　出处：《四川农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文研究玉米和碎米挤压膨化加工参数优化及其对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。断奶改变了仔猪的营养来源和生活环境,对仔猪生理和心理造成一系列不良影响,往往会导致仔猪肠道结构和功能损伤,消化生理紊乱,腹泻发生率升高以及生长停滞。生产上一般通过提高饲料消化率和添加功能性添加剂来保障断奶仔猪的营养摄入和消化生理恢复。谷物膨化后,其淀粉糊化,消化性和适口性提高,是幼龄动物优质的能量饲料来源。因此,选用合适的加工参数对玉米和碎米进行膨化,提高饲料的适口性和消化性,将其应用于断奶仔猪饲粮,是保证仔猪在断奶阶段营养摄入和消化生理恢复的一种可行性营养措施。本研究3个试验分别如下：试验一玉米、碎米挤压膨化加工参数优化设计3因素3水平正交组合试验,以糊化度为评价标识,优化玉米和碎米挤压膨化加工参数。结果表明,(1)玉米挤压膨化时,物料含水率和膨化腔温度显著(P0.05)影响玉米淀粉糊化度,3因素影响次序为：物料含水率膨化腔温度喂料频率；玉米膨化加工最优参数组合为：物料含水率14%,膨化腔温度140℃,喂料速率28.94kg/mim。(2)碎米挤压膨化时,物料含水率显著(P0.05)影响淀粉糊化度,3因素影响顺序为：物料含水率喂料速率膨化腔温度；碎米膨化加工最优参数组合为：物料含水率16%,膨化腔温度125℃,喂料速率20.21kg/min。试验二膨化对玉米和碎米饲用价值和消化率的影响应用试验一优化的加工参数对玉米和碎米进行膨化加工,分别取样玉米、膨化玉米、碎米和膨化碎米,对4种试验样品分别进行常规概略养分分析、氨基酸组成分析和扫描电镜观察。对比考察膨化加工前后玉米和碎米常规营养组分、氨基酸组成和微观形貌的差异,并通过消化代谢试验测定玉米、膨化玉米、碎米和膨化碎米消化能和代谢能以及养分消化率。结果表明,(1)膨化加工后玉米和碎米的干物质、粗蛋白、无氮浸出物、灰分、钙、磷、总淀粉和总能值略有升高,但粗脂肪和粗纤维含量有所降低；玉米膨化加工后直链和支链淀粉含量都有小幅增加,而碎米膨化加工后直链淀粉含量减少支链淀粉含量增加,其淀粉支／直比升高。(2)膨化加工对玉米和碎米的氨基酸组成影响不明显。(3)膨化加工后,玉米和碎米淀粉颗粒由规则颗粒状彻底胀裂呈弥散的片状和层状结构。(4)膨化加工显著提高了玉米和碎米干物质总肠道表观消化率(P0.01)；玉米膨化加工后消化能和代谢能显著升高(P0.01),氮的消化率显著升高(P0.05)；膨化加工对碎米的消化能、代谢能和氮的消化率没有显著影响。试验三、碎米和膨化碎米对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响选取断奶仔猪120头(21日龄,平均体重5.76kg)随机分为6组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头仔猪,进行为期49天的生长试验。试验0-35天,设计6组处理饲粮,对照组(饲粮主要能量来源为50%玉米+50%膨化玉米),试验组1(饲粮主要能量来源为40%玉米+40%膨化玉米+10%碎米+10%膨化碎米),试验组2(饲粮主要能量来源为30%玉米+30%膨化玉米+20%碎米+20%膨化碎米),试验组3(饲粮主要能量来源为20%玉米+20%膨化玉米+30%碎米+30%膨化碎米),试验组4(饲粮主要能量来源为10%玉米+10%膨化玉米+40%碎米+40%膨化碎米),试验组5(饲粮主要能量来源为50%碎米+50%膨化碎米)。试验第35天后,仔猪称重,选取生长性能较好的4个处理组仔猪,继续饲喂14天,试验饲粮设计为,对照组(饲粮主要能量来源为100%玉米),处理组1(饲粮主要能量来源为50%玉米+50%膨化玉米),处理组2(饲粮主要能量来源为50%玉米+50%碎米),处理组3(饲粮主要能量来源为50%玉米+50%膨化碎米)。结果表明,(1)试验0-7天,试验组仔猪的采食量(P0.05)、日增重(P0.05)和料肉比(P0.05)显著高于对照组。(2)试验36-49天,各组间采食量、日增重差异不显著(P0.10),但是碎米替代玉米显著(P0.05)提高了饲粮的转换效率。(3)试验全期碎米替代玉米作为21日龄断奶仔猪饲粮的主要能量来源,提高了仔猪的生长性能,但未达到显著水平(P0.10)。(4)随着日粮中碎米替代玉米的比例增加,仔猪腹泻情况得到缓解,但并未达到显著水平(P0.10)。(5)饲粮处理对仔猪血浆葡萄糖、尿素氮、总蛋白、总胆固醇和磷的含量没有显著影响(P0.10),但是随着饲料中碎米的替代比例的增加血浆钙(14d,P0.001；28d,P0.05)和甘油三酯(14d,P0.001；28d,P0.05)含量线性降低。综上所述,本研究结果表明：膨化改变了玉米和碎米的常规养分组成和淀粉颗粒结构,提高了其消化性和适口性：碎米和膨化碎米应用于早期断奶仔猪饲粮,可以提高仔猪的生长性能,缓解仔猪腹泻,但在断奶后期效果不明显。因此,建议刚断奶的仔猪饲喂碎米型饲粮,一周以后再逐渐转换为玉米型饲粮。
[Abstract]:Parameter optimization of extrusion processing of corn and broken rice this paper extrusion and its effect on growth performance of weaned piglets weaned piglets. The change of nutrient sources and living environment, cause a series of adverse effects on the physiology and psychology of piglets, often lead to the structure and function of piglet intestinal injury, digestive disorders, increase the incidence of diarrhea and growth arrest. The general production by improving the feed digestibility and add functional additives to protect piglets nutritional intake and digestive physiology. After the recovery of puffed grain, starch gelatinization, digestibility and palatability, young animal quality energy feed sources. Therefore, selection of appropriate processing parameters of extrusion on corn and rice, improve feed palatability and digestibility, its application in weaned piglets, piglets is the guarantee in the intake and digestive physiology of weaning nutrition recovery stage A feasible nutritional measures. In this study, 3 experiments were as follows: a test of corn, rice extrusion parameter optimization design of 3 factors and 3 levels orthogonal test, the gelatinization degree of corn and rice identification evaluation, optimization of extrusion processing parameters. The results showed that, (1) corn extrusion, material moisture and extrusion chamber temperature (P0.05) significantly influence the degree of starch gelatinization, the 3 factors influencing the order: extrusion chamber temperature feeding frequency of material moisture; corn processing the optimal combination of parameters: 14% moisture content of material, extrusion chamber temperature is 140 degrees centigrade, the feed rate of 28.94kg/mim. (2) rice extrusion, moisture content significantly (P0.05 effect of starch gelatinization degree), 3 factors affecting the order of feeding rate expanded cavity temperature moisture content; rice puffing processing the optimal combination of parameters: moisture content of material is 16%, the expanded cavity temperature of 125 DEG C, feed Processing parameters of feed rate 20.21kg/min. test two expanded on corn and broken rice forage affect the value and digestibility test to optimize the application of extrusion on corn and rice, respectively Sampling Extruded Corn, corn, rice and puffed rice, 4 kinds of test samples were analyzed the conventional proximate nutrients, amino acid composition analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The comparative study of puffed corn and rice processing before and after nutritional components, differences in amino acid composition and morphology, and through the digestion and metabolism test of extruded corn, corn, energy and metabolic energy and nutrient digestibility of rice and puffed crushed meters digestion. The results showed that (1) of dry matter, puffing corn and rice after crude protein, nitrogen free extract, ash, calcium, phosphorus, total starch and always increases slightly, but the crude fat and crude fiber content decreased; bentonite processing corn amylose and amylopectin The starch content has increased slightly, while the rice puffing process after amylose content reduced amylopectin content increased, starch amylopectin / amylose ratio increased. (2) amino acid extrusion on corn and rice. The influence is not obvious. (3) expanded after processing, corn and rice starch granules by granular thoroughly splitting rules a diffusion sheet and layered structure. (4) extrusion significantly increased maize and rice dry matter digestibility (P0.01); intestinal puffed corn processing after the digestible energy and metabolizable energy were significantly increased (P0.01), nitrogen digestibility was significantly increased (P0.05); processing on digestibility of energy metabolizable energy and digestible nitrogen had no significant effect. In experiment three, effects of rice and puffed rice on growth performance of weaned piglets were weaned 120 piglets (21 days of age, average weight 5.76kg) were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 5 replicates, each repeated 4 head. Pig, growth trial lasted 49 days. The 0-35 day of the experiment, 6 groups of diet control group (dietary treatment, the main energy source for the 50% corn +50%, extruded corn) test group (1 of the main energy source for the 40% +40% +10% +10% broken corn puffed corn puffed rice), experimental group (2 of the main energy source 30% +30% +20% +20% broken corn puffed corn puffed rice), experimental group (3 of the main energy source for the 20% +20% +30% +30% broken corn puffed corn puffed rice), experimental group (4 of the main energy source for the 10% corn +10% extruded corn + 40% +40% rice puffed rice), experimental group (5 of the main energy source 50% +50% puffed rice). Rice test after thirty-fifth days, the growth performance of piglets weighing, selecting 4 piglets in the treatment group better, to continue for 14 days, the experimental diet control group (dietary design, main energy source is 100%, treatment group 1 (corn) feeding The main energy source for the 50% grain maize +50%), extruded corn group 2 (diet the main energy source for the 50% corn +50% rice), group 3 (with the main energy source for the 50% corn +50% puffed rice). The results showed that (1) the 0-7 day of the experiment, experimental group piglets feed intake, daily gain (P0.05) heavy (P0.05) and feed conversion ratio (P0.05) was significantly higher than the control group. (2) the 36-49 day of the experiment, each group intake, weight gain was not significantly different (P0.10), but the broken rice instead of corn significantly (P0.05) increased feed conversion efficiency. (3) during the whole period of broken rice instead of corn as the main energy from 21 day old weaned piglets, improve the growth performance of piglets, but did not reach significant level (P0.10). (4) with broken rice diets instead of corn increased the proportion of diarrhea eased, but did not reach significant level (P0.10). (5) diet on piglet plasma glucose. Urea Nitrogen, total protein, total cholesterol and phosphorus content had no significant effect (P0.10), but with the increase of plasma calcium in feed rice substitute ratio (14d, P0.001; 28d, P0.05) and triglycerides (14d, P0.001; 28d, P0.05) content decreased. In summary, the results of this study show that the expanded changed conventional nutrient composition and starch granule structure of maize and rice, improve the digestibility and palatability of rice and rice puffing: application in early weaned piglets, can improve the growth performance of piglets, alleviate piglet diarrhea, but the effect is not obvious in the late weaned piglets fed rice. Therefore, recommended diet after weaning. A week later, and then gradually converted to corn type diet.

【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S828.5

【相似文献】