饲用酶制剂在反刍动物营养中的应用进展

发布时间：2018-03-19 23:11

本文选题：纤维降解酶　切入点：作用机理　出处：《草业学报》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：一般情况下,在瘤胃中粗饲料细胞壁组分的消化利用率较低,由于其复杂紧密的结构限制了动物对粗饲料的利用。因此,在反刍动物生产中提高粗饲料利用率的应用研究是非常必要的,不仅改善饲料利用率、提高动物生产性能,还为饲料资源的开发与利用乃至为畜牧业发展提供有效途径。而饲用酶制剂以其绿色、环保、安全等特点成为了该研究领域的热点。通常采用体外和半体内法评定酶制剂处理对粗饲料体外发酵和瘤胃降解特性的影响,并采用体内法评价酶制剂在反刍动物营养中的应用效果。研究表明,外源酶制剂的应用能够有效提高饲料消化率、奶牛产量、肉牛增重和肉羊增重,但其效果不一致,其效果受很多因素的影响,包括酶种类、酶活性、饲粮组成、添加水平、添加方式、动物种类及生长性能等。另外,由于人们对所用酶产品的生化特性掌握不足,导致了对其作用机理、优化条件及影响其作用效果因子的了解不够充分。如酶活性作为酶制剂最主要的生化特性,在使用前往往被忽略检测,并且目前国内外对酶活性的检测及质量评定还没有统一的标准。然而研究结果间直接进行比较也是不科学不合理的。本研究主要从饲用酶制剂的发展历程,反刍动物营养中纤维降解酶的作用机理、应用效果和影响其作用效果的因素以及存在问题等方面进行了综述,旨在为饲用酶制剂在反刍动物营养中的应用提供系统的科学知识。
[Abstract]:In general, the digestibility of the cell wall components of crude feed in rumen is low, because of its complex and compact structure, the utilization of crude feed in animals is restricted. It is very necessary to improve the utilization rate of crude feed in ruminant production, not only to improve the utilization rate of feed, but also to improve the performance of animal production. It also provides an effective way for the development and utilization of feed resources and even for the development of animal husbandry. The effect of enzyme treatment on in vitro fermentation and rumen degradation of roughage is usually evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. The effect of enzyme preparation on ruminant nutrition was evaluated by in vivo method. The results showed that the application of exogenous enzyme could effectively improve feed digestibility, cow yield, beef cattle weight gain and meat sheep weight gain, but the effect was not consistent. Its effect is affected by many factors, including enzyme type, enzyme activity, dietary composition, addition level, adding mode, animal species and growth performance, etc. In addition, people do not know enough about the biochemical characteristics of the enzyme products used. It leads to inadequate understanding of its mechanism, optimization conditions and factors affecting its effect. For example, enzyme activity, as the most important biochemical characteristic of enzyme preparation, is often neglected to be detected before use. At present, there is no uniform standard for the detection and quality evaluation of enzyme activity at home and abroad. However, the direct comparison between the results of the study is also unscientific and unreasonable. In this paper, the mechanism of cellulase in ruminant nutrition, the effect of its application, the factors affecting its effect and the existing problems are reviewed in order to provide systematic scientific knowledge for the application of feed enzyme in the nutrition of ruminant.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院饲料研究所农业部饲料生物技术重点开放实验室;中国农业科学院草原研究所;内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(20120304202) 内蒙古自治区科技重大专项资助
【分类号】：S816.7

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