玉米秸秆饲草化装置的设计与试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 00:31

本文选题：玉米秸秆　切入点：饲草化装置　出处：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：玉米从2012年开始成为我国种植面积第一大粮食作物,其产量逐年增加,玉米秸秆产量随之增加。玉米秸秆营养丰富,是牲畜的主要粗饲料来源,畜牧业的长期发展离不开秸秆资源的利用,秸秆养畜是粮食生产和畜牧业共同发展的重要举措。目前阻碍秸秆养畜大规模实施的原因主要是玉米秸秆体积庞大造成的不便运输和适口性不好引起的利用率不高,玉米秸秆的饲草化装置可有效解决这一问题。本文设计制造的玉米秸秆饲草化装置可安装在联合收割机上,实现籽粒收获和秸秆饲草化联合作业,利于玉米秸秆收获后水分蒸发,打捆处理或直接饲喂。本文是在考察玉米秸秆力学特性的基础上,研制了玉米秸秆饲草化装置试验台。对试验台进行试验后根据结果进一步对撕裂部件进行设计,确定结构和运动参数,完成的具体内容如下:1.利用万能试验机考察了收割期玉米秸秆茎节部位的纵向剪切特性和压缩特性:以纵向剪切力作为评价指标,以行刀速度、刀具角度和茎节的部位为主要因素,进行三因素的二次正交旋转组合试验;用收获时期和行刀速度、刀具角度、茎节部位分别进行双因素试验,分析三组双因素分别对试验指标纵向剪切力的影响;以茎节部位、压缩方向为主要因素进行双因素试验,分析此二因素对试验指标压力的影响。2.根据秸秆饲草化的要求及试验结果利用Solidworks软件进行了与东风4YX-2立辊式玉米联合收获机配套安装的玉米秸秆饲草化装置的建模设计,干涉检查后制造装置实体。3.为便于装置参数的调节搭建了装置的试验台,试验台主要由机架、摘穗辊、撕裂辊、入料台、出料口、传动机构、控制系统、扭矩测试系统等部分组成。为了测试撕裂辊上不同前角角度锯片的饲草化性能,本文设计了-15°、20°、30°三种前角角度的锯片。4.利用研制的玉米秸秆饲草化试验台,对影响玉米秸秆饲草化的圆形锯片前角角度、摘穗辊撕裂辊速度差和收获时期三项因素进行试验研究,最终依据实际情况确定工作最优组合为:采用摘穗辊转速800rpm,撕裂辊转速1200rpm-1400rpm,撕裂辊圆形锯片前角30°,收获时期为玉米籽粒成熟后尽早收获,在此工作参数下能提高合格率,最大程度降低功耗且能够避免缠草问题发生。经过对玉米秸秆饲草化装置试验台的一系列试验,验证本课题研究的玉米秸秆饲草化装置运转平稳,安全可靠,工作性能良好,最佳饲草化合格率为88.4%,。主要性能指标均能够满足玉米秸秆饲草化的需求。
[Abstract]:Maize has become the largest grain crop in China since 2012, and its yield has increased year by year, and the yield of corn straw has increased. Corn straw is rich in nutrition and is the main source of coarse feed for livestock. The long-term development of animal husbandry can not be separated from the utilization of straw resources. Straw raising is an important measure for the joint development of grain production and animal husbandry. At present, the main reason for hindering the large-scale implementation of straw livestock is the inconvenient transportation caused by the huge volume of corn straw and the low utilization rate caused by poor palatability. The forage plant of corn straw can solve this problem effectively. The device designed and manufactured in this paper can be installed on the combine harvester to realize the joint operation of grain harvest and straw forage. In this paper, the mechanical properties of corn stalks were investigated on the basis of their moisture evaporation, bundled treatment or direct feeding. The test bench of corn straw forage equipment was developed. The tearing parts were further designed according to the test results, and the structure and motion parameters were determined. The main contents are as follows: 1. The longitudinal shear and compression characteristics of the stem node of corn straw in harvest period were investigated by using universal testing machine: the longitudinal shear force was taken as the evaluation index, and the cutting speed was taken as the index. The angle of cutting tool and the position of stem node are the main factors, and the quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test of three factors is carried out, and the double-factor experiment is carried out with the time of harvest, the speed of the cutting tool, the angle of the tool and the part of the stem node, respectively. The effects of three groups of double factors on the longitudinal shear stress of the test index were analyzed. 2. According to the requirements of straw forage and the test results, the modeling design of corn straw forage unit installed with Dongfeng 4YX-2 vertical roller corn combine harvester was carried out by using Solidworks software. For the convenience of adjusting the parameters of the device, the test bed is mainly composed of the frame, the pick roll, the tear roll, the feed table, the discharge port, the transmission mechanism, the control system, In order to test the forage performance of the saw blade with different front angles on the tear roller, three kinds of front angle saw blades, -15 掳20 掳and 30 掳, were designed in this paper. Three factors, such as the angle of the circular saw blade, the speed difference of the picking roll and the harvest time, which influence the forage of corn straw were studied. Finally, according to the actual situation, the optimal combination was determined as follows: pick roll speed 800rpm, tear roll speed 1200rpm-1400rpm, tear roll circular saw blade front angle 30 掳, harvest period for corn grain maturation as early as possible, and the qualified rate could be increased under this working parameter. Through a series of experiments on the test rig of corn straw forage plant, it is verified that the research corn straw forage device runs smoothly, is safe and reliable, and has good performance. The best pass rate of forage was 88.4%, and the main performance indexes could meet the demand of corn straw forage.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S817.1

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