反刍动物专用复合酶制剂对奶牛瘤胃发酵、血液指标及生产性能的影响

发布时间：2018-03-26 04:53

本文选题：奶牛　切入点：复合酶制剂　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：粗饲料细胞壁的结构复杂,其中的纤维素和木质素产生“笼子”效应,不利于反刍动物对饲料的消化吸收。因此,在生产中打破纤维素和木质素的“笼子”效应,提高反刍动物粗饲料利用率至关重要。酶制剂是一种环保安全的添加剂,可通过外源添加补足内源酶的不足,改善动物对饲粮的消化吸收。本试验采用由纤维素酶、β-葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶和淀粉酶制成的复合酶制剂,拟利用纤维素酶、β-葡聚糖酶及木聚糖酶打破粗饲料的“笼子”效应,结合淀粉酶促进精料中淀粉的消化,提高奶牛的饲粮利用率,并改善奶牛的生产能力和乳品质,为复合酶制剂在奶牛生产上的应用提供参考。试验设计采用完全随机单因素试验设计,试验动物为400头体况相近、经产的泌乳高峰期(泌乳天数为90±5 d)荷斯坦奶牛,随机均分为对照组和复合酶制剂组,对照组饲喂TMR基础日粮,复合酶制剂组每头牛每天在基础日粮中添加70g复合酶制剂。试验期41d,其中预试期21d,正试期20d。从预试期开始到试验结束,每天06:00前完成前一天剩料的清理和称量;06:00进行投喂并均匀采集采食前的TMR日粮样品,用于测定基本营养成分。预试期后,每组随机挑选10头牛每天采集100 mL乳样,连续采集3d,测定乳成分;在正试期的第4d晨饲后3 h,采取插管法收集200mL瘤胃液,用来检测瘤胃液酶活性、氨态氮及pH;正试期第5d晨饲后3 h后用真空采血管采集5mL尾静脉血液,分离血清检测血液指标。试验全期,记录牛群每天的采食量和产奶量。主要研究结果如下:(1)复合酶制剂显著提高奶牛瘤胃液中氨态氮的含量、α-淀粉酶和木聚糖酶的活性(P0.05),β-葡聚糖酶的活性有提高的趋势(P=0.081),但不影响β-葡聚糖酶的活性。(2)复合酶制剂显著提高血清的白球比、总胆固醇以及低密度脂蛋白的含量(P0.05),甘油三酯的含量有提高的趋势(P=0.099),说明复合酶制剂可提高血液中总脂类的含量。(3)添加复合酶制剂对干物质采食量差异不显著(P0.05),而极显著提高奶牛的产奶量、3.5%乳脂校正乳和能量校正乳(P0.01),对照组与复合酶制剂组的平均产奶量为42.27 kg和45.07 kg,复合酶制剂组的产奶量提高了6.53%,饲喂复合酶制剂对奶牛的饲喂效率有提高的趋势(P=0.070)。(4)复合酶制剂显著提高牛奶的乳脂量和乳糖量(P0.05),显著降低牛奶的乳蛋白率、非脂固形物和酸度(P0.05),对牛奶的乳蛋白量没有显著性影响。以上结果表明:奶牛饲料中添加由淀粉酶、纤维素酶、β-葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶制成的复合酶制剂在可以提高奶牛生产性能,提高血液总脂含量,提高乳脂量和乳糖量。
[Abstract]:The structure of the cell wall of crude feed is complex, in which cellulose and lignin produce "cage" effect, which is not conducive to the digestion and absorption of feed by ruminants. Therefore, the "cage" effect of cellulose and lignin is broken in production. It is very important to improve the utilization rate of ruminant forage. The enzyme is a kind of environmental protection and safety additive, which can improve the digestibility and absorption of the diet by adding exogenous enzyme to improve the digestibility and absorption of the diet. The experiment was carried out by using cellulase, 尾 -glucanase, 尾 -glucanase, 尾 -glucanase, and cellulase. The compound enzyme preparation made of xylanase and amylase is intended to use cellulase, 尾 -glucanase and xylanase to break the "cage" effect of roughage feed, combine amylase to promote the digestion of starch in concentrate and improve the dietary utilization ratio of dairy cow. The production capacity and milk quality of dairy cattle were improved, and the reference was provided for the application of compound enzyme preparation in dairy production. Holstein cows with peak lactating period (90 卤5 days) were randomly divided into two groups: control group and compound enzyme preparation group. The control group was fed with basal diet of TMR. Each cow in the compound enzyme preparation group was supplemented with 70 g compound enzyme preparation daily in the basal diet. The trial period was 41 days, including 21 days in the pre-trial period and 20 days in the current trial period, from the beginning of the pre-trial period to the end of the trial. The cleanup and weighing of the leftover of the day before 06:00 were finished before 06:00 every day and fed with TMR diet samples before feeding. After the pre-test period, 10 cows in each group were randomly selected to collect 100ml milk samples per day. The 200mL rumen fluid was collected by intubation method to detect the enzyme activity, ammonia nitrogen and pH of rumen fluid, and the blood of 5mL tail vein was collected by vacuum blood vessel 3 hours after the morning feeding on the 5th day of the trial period, after 3 hours of feeding, the enzyme activity, ammonia nitrogen and pH of the rumen fluid were collected by intubation. Separation of serum for the detection of blood indicators. The main results of this study were as follows: 1) the compound enzyme preparation significantly increased the content of ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid of dairy cattle, and the activities of 伪 -amylase and xylanase (P0.05N, 尾 -glucanase) increased significantly. The activity of 尾 -glucanase, the activity of 尾 -glucanase, and the ratio of white balls in serum were significantly increased by P0. 081, but the activity of 尾-glucanase was not affected. The contents of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) had a tendency to increase, indicating that compound enzyme could increase the content of total lipids in blood. However, the milk yield of dairy cows was significantly increased by 3.5% milk fat correction milk and energy corrected milk (P0.01). The average milk yield of the control group and the compound enzyme group was 42.27 kg and 45.07 kg, respectively. The milk yield of the compound enzyme group was increased by 6.53%, and the milk yield of the compound enzyme preparation group was increased by 6.53%, and the average milk yield of the control group and the compound enzyme preparation group was 42.27 kg and 45.07 kg, respectively. The feed efficiency of cattle showed a tendency to increase the feed efficiency (P0. 070. 0. 070) the milk fat and lactose content of milk were significantly increased, and the milk protein rate was significantly decreased. Non-fat solids and acidity (P0.05) had no significant effect on milk protein content. Cellulase, 尾 -glucanase and xylanase can improve the production performance, blood total lipid content, milk fat and lactose content of dairy cows.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S823.5

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