黑色素在泰和乌骨鸡和宁都黄鸡体内的分布规律及生成机理研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 13:20

  本文选题：泰和乌骨鸡　切入点：宁都黄鸡　出处：《江西农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：泰和乌骨鸡和宁都黄鸡属于著名的江西省地方品种资源,各具鲜明的外观特质,尤其表现在肤色和内脏的差异。本研究通过多种生物组织化学染色方法研究泰和乌骨鸡和宁都黄鸡机体黑色素的分布规律、黑色素细胞的分布特点以及鉴定参与黑色素生成的主要细胞,研究结果可进一步阐明两个地方鸡种的肤色及内脏浆膜差异、家禽黑色素的生物合成机制提供细胞学依据,为黑色素的迁移沉积提供形态学的理论依据。在本研究中,采用HE染色法研究泰和乌骨鸡和宁都黄鸡的皮肤组织结构以及泰和乌骨鸡和宁都黄鸡黑色素在相关组织器官中的分布规律。采用Lillie氏和DOPA组织化学染色法对不同部位皮肤的黑色素细胞进行染色定位,确定黑色素细胞的分布特点以及鉴定黑色素细胞的成熟状态。采用改良甲苯胺蓝染色法和Grimelin硝酸银反应法鉴定参与黑色素生成的主要细胞类型。采用透射电镜法鉴定黑色素细胞内黑素小体的存在类型及黑色素细胞的成熟状态。研究结果显示:泰和乌骨鸡和宁都黄鸡皮肤的肥大细胞主要沿真皮层毛细血管网分布。被检测组织器官的黑色素沉积量存在不同程度的差异,泰和乌骨鸡的各组织器官均有沉积,而宁都黄鸡除皮肤毛囊、眼睛内有沉积外,其它组织器官均无明显沉积。成熟黑色素细胞主要分布于泰和乌骨鸡皮肤的表皮基底层、毛囊毛球部以及宁都黄鸡皮肤的毛囊毛球部和毛囊外根鞘中;无色素性黑色素细胞主要分布于宁都黄鸡皮肤的表皮基底层以及泰和乌骨鸡皮肤的毛囊外根鞘中。泰和乌骨鸡和宁都黄鸡胃肠道亲银细胞形态多样,多有突起,主要分布于肠腺上皮,黏膜上皮和固有层,分布密度趋势为:盲肠直肠回肠空肠十二指肠腺胃,且泰和乌骨鸡的胃及肠道的分布密度要显著高于宁都黄鸡。电镜下,泰和乌骨鸡皮肤的黑色素细胞内黑素小体可见Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四个时期,其中Ⅳ期黑素小体占大多数,说明黑色素细胞已趋于处于成熟状态,具有分泌黑色素的能力,而宁都黄鸡表皮黑色素细胞内的黑素小体处于Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期居多,Ⅳ期极少,可认为是无色素性黑色素细胞,不能分泌黑色素。研究结果表明,黑色素的生物合成受皮肤表皮层和毛囊内黑色素细胞成熟状态的影响;皮肤肥大细胞和胃肠道亲银细胞分泌的5-羟色胺等生物活性物质可被酪氨酸激酶催化后参与黑色素的合成。泰和乌骨鸡乌色皮肤及浆膜的形成原因与表皮黑色素细胞的成熟状态有关,白色羽毛的形成与毛囊外根鞘黑色素细胞的成熟状态有关。
[Abstract]:Taihe Black-bone Chicken and Ningdu Yellow Chicken belong to the famous local variety resources of Jiangxi Province, each with distinct appearance characteristics. In this study, the distribution of melanin in Taihe silky chicken and Ningdu yellow chicken was studied by a variety of biohistochemical staining methods. The distribution of melanocytes and the identification of the main cells involved in melanogenesis can further clarify the differences of skin color and visceral serosa between the two local breeds. The biosynthesis mechanism of poultry melanin provides cytological basis. To provide the morphological basis for the migration and deposition of melanin. The skin tissue structure of Taihe and Ningdu yellow chickens and the distribution of melanin in the tissues and organs of Taihe and Ningdu yellow chickens were studied by HE staining. The melanocytes in the skin were stained and localized. The distribution of melanocytes and the maturation of melanocytes were determined. The main cell types involved in melanogenesis were identified by modified toluidine blue staining and Grimelin silver nitrate reaction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used. The types of melanosomes in melanocytes and the maturation of melanocytes were identified. The results showed that the mast cells in the skin of Taihe and Ningdu chickens were mainly distributed along the dermal capillary network. There are different degrees of melanin deposition in tissues and organs. All tissues and organs of Taihe silk-bone chicken were deposited, but there was no obvious deposition in other tissues except hair follicles and eyes of Ningdu yellow chicken. Mature melanocytes were mainly distributed in the basal layer of skin epidermis of Taihe silky chicken. Hair follicle hair follicle hair follicle hair follicle hair bulb and outer root sheath of Ningdu yellow chicken skin; Non-pigmented melanocytes were mainly distributed in the basal layer of epidermis of Ningdu yellow chicken skin and in the outer root sheath of hair follicle of Taihe silky chicken skin. It was mainly distributed in intestinal gland epithelium, mucosal epithelium and lamina propria. The distribution density of ileum jejunum and duodenum glandular stomach in cecum and rectum, and the distribution density of stomach and intestine in Taihe silky chicken were significantly higher than those in Ningdu yellow chicken. The melanosomes in melanocytes of Taihe silky chicken skin can be seen in four stages: 鈪，

本文编号：1668020