凤头白鸭与连城白鸭生产性能、遗传结构和部分凤头性状相关基因比较

发布时间：2018-03-27 14:11

本文选题：凤头白鸭　切入点：连城白鸭　出处：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：扬州大学与镇江市天成农业科技有限公司在稻鸭共育制种过程发现的一种鸭突变体,其头部后方的皮肤和羽毛上有一突出的隆起。据《事物绀珠》(明·黄一正1591年著,距今已有400多年)记载,我国曾有“顶有高毛、白毛、乌骨”的凤头鸭。源于这样的思路,本课题组利用现代生物技术,将凤头性状导入连城白鸭,经过4个世代选育,形成了乌嘴白羽凤头鸭——凤头白鸭(暂定名),其凤头性状遗传稳定,大小一致。为了比较选育后的凤头白鸭与连城白鸭种质特性差异,本研究分别测定了两个群体的不同周龄体重,10周龄体尺、屠宰性能、常规肉品质、肌肉金属元素等指标；并利用微卫星荧光标记技术比较了两个群体的遗传结构差异；最后采用实时荧光定量技术对凤头性状相关的基因Hoxc8. EphB2等在两个群体各组织的表达情况进行了检测。主要的试验结果如下：1.凤头白鸭与连城白鸭生长发育饲养试验结果表明,除了胸深,10周龄体重体尺大于连城白鸭,凤头白鸭8周龄前的体重增长速度比连城白鸭略快。2.凤头白鸭与连城白鸭屠宰性能结果表明,除腿肌率外,凤头白鸭的各项屠宰性能均显著高于连城白鸭；肉品质测定结果显示凤头白鸭与连城白鸭的常规肉品质指标pH、剪切力、失水率没有明显差异；连城白鸭的胸肌蛋白和腿肌脂肪比例显著高于凤头白鸭,而腿肌蛋白、水分低于凤头白鸭,其他营养成分两者没有明显差异；连城白鸭的胸肌镁含量显著高于凤头白鸭,而铁、铜、锌含量两者没有明显差异。总体上讲,凤头白鸭的屠宰性能要高于连城白鸭,但肌肉常规肉品质、肌肉营养成分、金属元素含量差异不大。3.凤头白鸭与连城白鸭12个微卫星位点检测和分析结果表明,除一个位点(AJ272578)外,凤头白鸭在8个微卫星位点(AY493256.CM011.APH01.APL2.AJ515884.AJ272579. AJ272577.AY493289)上拥有更多的等位基因,而其他三个位点(／U515887.AJ515893. AY493313)等位基因数相同。凤头白鸭在Ne、He、Ho、PIC上的各项平均值也要高于连城白鸭。另外,凤头白鸭与连城白鸭的Fis分别为-0.0184、0.0904,凤头白鸭表现出杂合子过剩,两群体Fst为0.1982。凤头白鸭在12个微卫星位点表现出更丰富的遗传多样性。4.凤头白鸭与连城白鸭Hoxc8. EphB2、EphA2、EphA3基因在各组织表达结果表明,Hoxc8基因在凤头白鸭与连城白鸭的背部皮肤和肾脏中有可见的表达,背部的皮肤表达最高,且显著高于头部皮肤、心脏、肝脏等其他检测组织；EphB2、EphA2、EphA3在凤头白鸭与连城白鸭共有组织中表达量相似。在凤头白鸭特有的组织凤头下皮肤中,Hoxc8基因表现出异常的高表达。在凤头白鸭特有的组织颅内脂肪体中Hoxc8、EphB2、EphA2、 EphA3都有很高的表达。由此可见,Hoxc8、EphA2的异常高表达可能和凤头鸭的凤头性状有关。
[Abstract]:A duck mutant discovered by Yangzhou University and Zhenjiang Tiancheng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. in the process of rice-duck breeding, has a prominent uplift on the skin and feathers behind its head. It has been recorded for more than 400 years) that there were "high hair, white hair, black bones" ducks in our country. Based on this idea, our group used modern biotechnology to introduce the Fengtou traits into Liancheng white ducks, and after four generations of breeding, In order to compare the germplasm characteristics of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck after breeding, the genetic characteristics of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck were stable and uniform. In this study, the body size, slaughter performance, meat quality and muscle metal elements of two populations were measured, and the genetic structure of the two populations was compared by microsatellite fluorescence labeling technique. In the end, the expression of Hoxc8. EphB2, a gene related to the traits of Fengtou, was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative technique. The main results were as follows: 1. The growth and development of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck were studied. In addition to the body size of 10 weeks old of breast depth is larger than that of Liancheng white duck, the weight growth rate of Fengtou white duck before 8 weeks old is a little faster than that of Liancheng white duck. 2. The slaughter performance of Fengtou white duck and Liancheng white duck shows that, except for leg muscle rate, The meat quality of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck was significantly higher than that of Liancheng White Duck, and there was no significant difference in meat quality index pH, shear stress and water loss rate between Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck. The ratio of breast muscle protein and leg muscle fat of Liancheng white duck was significantly higher than that of feng head white duck, while leg muscle protein, water content was lower than that of Feng head white duck, and there was no significant difference in other nutrients between them, and the content of magnesium in breast muscle of Liancheng white duck was significantly higher than that of feng head white duck, but iron was also found in Liancheng white duck. There was no significant difference in copper and zinc content between the two groups. On the whole, the slaughtering performance of white duck was higher than that of Liancheng white duck, but the meat quality and nutritional composition of muscle were higher than those of Liancheng white duck. The results of detection and analysis of 12 microsatellite loci of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck showed that except for one locus, Fengtou White Duck had more alleles on 8 microsatellite loci AY493256.CM011.APH01.APL2.AJ515884.AJ272577.AY493289). The other three loci (U515887.AJ515893.AY493313) alleles had the same number of alleles. The average values of each allele of Fengtou White Duck were also higher than that of Liancheng White Duck. In addition, the Fis of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck were -0.01840.0904, respectively. The Fst of two populations was 0.1982.The genetic diversity of Fengtou White Duck showed more abundant genetic diversity at 12 microsatellite loci. 4. Hoxc8. EphB2EphA2EphA3 gene expression in all tissues showed that Hoxc8 gene was expressed in the back of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck. There are visible expressions in the skin and kidneys, The skin on the back had the highest expression, and was significantly higher than the skin of the head, the heart, The expression of Hoxc8 gene was similar in the common tissues of Fengtou White Duck and Liancheng White Duck. The Hoxc8 gene expression was abnormal in the skin of Fengtou White Duck, and in the endemic tissue of Fengtou White Duck. Both Hoxc8 and EphB2EphA2 and EphA3 were highly expressed in intracranial adipose body. It can be concluded that the abnormal high expression of Hoxc8 EphA2 may be related to the hyphal traits of Fengtou Duck.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S834

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