中国西门塔尔牛DHCR24基因多态性及与肉质和胴体性状的相关分析

发布时间：2018-03-27 16:54

本文选题：DHCR24　切入点：中国西门塔尔牛　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：牛肉作为我国大众日常饮食不可缺少的肉类品种，其较高的营养价值被大众所认可，但目前国内肉牛的繁殖和牛肉的生产呈现出下降的趋势，提高肉牛产业的生产效率，生产更多安全优质的牛肉产品越来越成为制约该产业发展的重要问题。中国西门塔尔牛作为主要的肉乳兼用牛品种，具有良好的产肉性能和生长发育性能，在我国牛业生产中得到广泛的推广应用。随着现代生物技术的快速发展，采用分子育种技术对牛的肉用性状的遗传特性进行改进和提高，进而扩群选育已成为当前肉牛培育的研究热点。本研究以牛肉质和胴体性状差异表达的DHCR24（3β-脱氢胆固醇-△24还原酶）基因为研究对象，在PCR-RFLP反应条件优化的基础上，建立中国西门塔尔牛DHCR24基因的多态性检测方法，并进一步研究DHCR24基因单核苷酸突变不同基因型个体之间在牛肉质和胴体性状相关指标的差异。具体研究内容和结果如下：本实验通过50头中国西门塔尔牛作为试验材料，在PCR-RFLP的反应条件、反应体系、试剂和酶切体系、条件、试剂进行优化的基础上，建立DHCR24基因的多态性检测方法。采用该方法对445头中国西门塔尔牛进行基因型检测，，分析与肉质和胴体性状的相关性。结果表明，多种肉质和胴体性状在DHCR24基因外显子9的不同基因型之间有显著差异。在445头中国西门塔尔牛群体中，等位基因G为优势等位基因，GA为优势基因型。AA基因型个体与胴体深、胴体长和脂肪覆盖率等性状具有显著相关性；杂合子GA基因型个体与大理石花纹、后蹄重和脂肪颜色性状具有显著相关性；野生纯合子GG基因型个体与背膘厚、大腿肉厚、后腿围、眼肌面积和腰部肉厚性状具有显著相关性。通过本研究可以对牛DHCR24基因外显子的单核苷酸突变及相关肉用性状变化进行研究，为中国西门塔尔牛的优良性状早期选择及肉牛的MAS和分子育种提供了具体操作方法和参考依据。
[Abstract]:Beef is an indispensable meat variety in our country, and its high nutritional value is recognized by the public. But at present, the breeding of beef cattle and beef production in China show a downward trend, and improve the production efficiency of beef industry. The production of more and more safe and high quality beef products has become an important problem restricting the development of the industry. As the main cattle breed for both meat and milk, Chinese Simmental cattle have good meat production performance and growth and development performance. With the rapid development of modern biotechnology, the genetic characteristics of beef traits of cattle were improved and improved by molecular breeding technology. In this study, the DHCR24(3 尾 -Dehydrocholesterol 24 reductase (DHCR24(3 尾 -Dehydrocholesterol 24 reductase) gene, which was differentially expressed in beef and carcass traits, was used as the research object, and the PCR-RFLP reaction conditions were optimized. To establish a method for detection of DHCR24 gene polymorphism in Simmental cattle in China, and to further study the differences in beef quality and carcass traits among individuals with different genotypes of DHCR24 gene single nucleotide mutation. The specific research contents and results are as follows:. In this experiment, 50 Chinese Simmental cattle were used as experimental materials. The reaction conditions, reaction system, reagent and enzyme digestion system, conditions and reagents were optimized on the basis of PCR-RFLP reaction condition, reaction system, reagent and enzyme digestion system. A polymorphism detection method of DHCR24 gene was established. The genotypes of 445 Chinese Simmental cattle were detected by this method, and the correlation with meat quality and carcass traits was analyzed. Among 445 Chinese Simmental cattle populations, allele G was the dominant allele and GA was the dominant genotype. Traits such as carcass length and fat coverage were significantly correlated with heterozygote GA genotype individuals and marbling, hind hoof weight and fat color traits, wild homozygote GG genotype individuals and backfat thickness, thigh meat thickness, and homozygote GG genotype individuals had significant correlation with marbling pattern, hind hoof weight and fat color traits. There was a significant correlation between hind leg circumference, eye muscle area and waist meat thickness. The single nucleotide mutation in the exon of bovine DHCR24 gene and the changes of related meat traits could be studied in this study. The method and reference are provided for early selection of fine traits and MAS and molecular breeding of Chinese Simmental cattle.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823

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