醉马草内生真菌共生体对草地生物多样性和病害的生态调控作用

发布时间：2018-03-31 21:45

本文选题：醉马草　切入点：生物多样性　出处：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文研究了一种由于种传内生真菌(Epichloe gansuensis)侵染而导致有毒的乡土草-醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians),在我国北方甘肃、宁夏、青海和内蒙古的六个过度放牧多年草地上,对其它植物结种、节肢动物多样性和病害的生态调控作用。1.相比过度放牧区域,由于醉马草的存在排斥了家畜的取食活动为其它植物提供一个保护所,使得其它可食牧草完成生活周期而产生更多的种子。在甘肃夏河,调查的31种结种植物中,25种植物在醉马草草丛区域比过度放牧的对照区域有显著高的穗数或结种株数(P0.05)；在青海贵南,12种结种植物中有9种植物在醉马草草丛区域比过度放牧的对照区域有显著高的穗数或结种株数(P0.05)；在内蒙古阿拉善,5种均在醉马草草丛区域比过度放牧的对照区域有显著高的穗数或结种株数(P0.05)。在三个试验点,几乎所有的节肢动物类型均在醉马草草丛区域比在没有醉马草生长的过牧对照区域有显著高的数量(P0.05)。因此,在过度放牧的草地上醉马草的存在为其它植物的种质资源保存和节肢动物的生物多样性起到保护作用。2.醉马草在6个调查点均严重感染白粉病(Blumeria graminis),锈病(Puccinia stipae-sibiricae)、黑粉病(Ustilago hypodytes)和麦角病(Claviceps purpurea)。在醉马草发病叶部具有高的白粉寄生孢(Ampelomyces quisqualis)和锈寄生孢(Sphaerellopsis filum)的重寄生率；与过牧地相比,本研究发现在22个科不同节肢动物中,仅在醉马草草丛下的土壤中发现具有食菌作用隐翅虫科(Staphylinidae)Aleocharinae亚科昆虫。在围封一年的有、无醉马草的过牧草地病害比试验发现,与有醉马草的草地相比,在无醉马草的草地中,大部分植物具有显著高的发病水平。表明醉马草对草地病害的发生具有重要的调控作用。3.醉马草可以在鼢鼠Myospalax baileyi)和鼠兔(Ochotona curesezoniae)等啮齿类草地挖掘动物通过挖掘产生的裸地上定植,并通过该裸地进行传播。播种后,醉马草幼苗在鼢鼠产生的鼠丘和仍然有一定植被盖度的过牧地上的定植率差异显著,分别是15.6%和0.6%(P0.05)；一龄醉马草幼苗在鼠兔产生的秃斑和过牧地上的平均密度差异显著,分别是2.48株/m2和0.03株/m2(P0.05)。4.经与高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)和黑麦草(Lolium perenne)对比,醉马草具有较强的分蘖、生长和结种能力；平均株高115.47 cm,平均株分蘖数为123.30个,单株可产生5800粒成熟的种子。作为乡土草种,醉马草广泛分布在中国西北气候各异的草地上,具有强的抗生物逆境和非生物逆境的能力。因此,醉马草具有作为环境与城市绿化草种的巨大潜力。
[Abstract]:In this paper, a poisonous native grass, Achnatherum inebriansa, which was infected by endophytic fungus Epichloe gansuensis, was studied in this paper. It has been planted on six overgrazing grasslands of Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia in the north of China.Diversity of arthropods and ecological regulation of disease.Compared with overgrazing areas, the existence of drunken horseshoe repels the feeding activities of livestock to provide a protective shelter for other plants, which makes other edible forage produce more seeds after their life cycle.In the Xia River, Gansu Province,Among the 31 species of seed bearing plants investigated, 25 species have significantly higher panicle number or higher seed number than the overgrazing control area, and 9 of the 12 seed bearing plants in Guinan, Qinghai Province, are in the ecstasy grass area.Compared with the overgrazing control area, the panicle number or the seed number of the control area was significantly higher than that of the control area, and the panicle number or the seed number of the five species were significantly higher than that of the overgrazing control area in the Alashan grass area of Inner Mongolia.In the three experimental sites, almost all arthropods had a significantly higher number of P0.05 in the ectophagous grass area than in the overgrazing control area without the growth of the inebriated horseshoe (P0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%).Therefore, the existence of Elaeagnus chinensis on overgrazing grassland can protect the germplasm resources of other plants and the biodiversity of arthropods.All of them were seriously infected with Blumeria graminis, Puccinia stipae-sibiricaeae, Ustilstilago hypodytesand Claviceps purpureaformis.Only in the soil under the herbaceous herbaceous is found that Staphylinidae (Staphylinidaeae) Aleocharinae has the function of feeding bacteria.It was found that most of the plants had a significantly higher incidence level in the herbage field without drunk horse grass than in the grassland without drunk horse grass, compared with the grassland without drunk horse grass for one year.The results showed that the steppe had an important role in regulating the occurrence of grassland diseases. 3.The rodent grass such as Myospalax Baileyi) and Ochotona curesezoniae can be planted on bare ground and spread through the naked land.It was 2.48 / m ~ 2 and 0.03 / m ~ 2 / m ~ (2) P _ (0.05) / m ~ (4), respectively.As a native herbaceous species, Elaeagnus chinensis is widely distributed on the grasslands with different climates in northwest China, and has strong ability to resist biological and abiotic stresses.As a result, Elaeagnus sinensis has great potential as an environmental and urban greening grass species.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812.6

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