不同饲粮对白羽肉鸡腺胃发育的影响及其与腺胃炎的关系

发布时间：2018-03-31 22:23

  本文选题：腺胃　切入点：腺胃炎　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：鸡腺胃炎（proventriculitis）主要表现为生长缓慢，均匀度差，饲料利用率下降，病鸡腺胃明显肿胀，腺胃粘膜糜烂。有关腺胃炎的报道较多，但观点不一，有的认为是病毒所致，有的则认为是非传染性因素引起。本研究着重从非病原性因素入手，研究不同营养水平、不同料型和不同粉碎粒度的饲料对腺胃发育的影响及其与腺胃炎的关系，进一步探讨饲喂的饲料营养、加工等因素对腺胃发育的影响，探究引发腺胃炎的主要因素，为从营养和饲养管理防治此病提供实验依据。本研究主要内容如下： 试验一：旨在探讨饲料料型、营养水平对快大型白羽肉鸡腺胃发育的影响及其与腺胃炎发生的联系。选用体重45g左右的罗斯308肉仔鸡公雏960只，随机分为4组，每组设8个重复，每个重复30只鸡，4组肉鸡分别饲喂正常营养水平颗粒料、正常营养水平粉料、低营养水平粉料、低营养水平颗粒料饲粮。预试期14d，正式期21d。结果表明，营养水平对腺胃发育无显著影响（P0.05），料型对腺胃发育有显著的影响（P0.05）；颗粒料能明显的提高日增重，但可导致腺胃发育异常，引发炎性反应；喂食粉料的肉鸡平均日增重显著低于颗粒料（P0.05），腺胃发育正常，腺胃炎性浸润明显低于颗粒料；对各组试验鸡进行腺胃传染性支气管炎病毒检测，未检测到鸡传染性支气管炎病毒；对各组腺胃进行病理学观察，发现喂食粉料组腺胃发育正常，而饲喂颗粒料肉鸡腺胃炎性浸润，腺胃乳头结构异常。 试验二：研究饲料料型和粉碎粒度对快大型白羽肉鸡腺胃发育的影响及其与腺胃炎发生的联系。选用体重40g左右的罗斯308肉仔鸡公雏1080只，随机分为6组，每组设6个重复，每个重复30只鸡。试验采用2×3双因素试验设计，料型分为颗粒料和粉料，饲料原料分别采用2mm、5mm、8mm筛片进行粉碎。试验分为三个阶段，第一阶段为21d，第二阶段为11d，第三阶段为8d。结果表明，饲喂粗粉碎粒度日粮可显著提高第一阶段末重、日耗料、日增重和第二阶段料重比，显著降低腺胃和峡部剖开前、后的宽度（P0.05），增加腺胃肌层厚度、乳头结构完整性和绒毛长度，降低粘膜肌层炎性浸润和腺胃肿胀、松弛程度；饲喂粉料可显著提高肌胃重、肌胃指数，显著降低腺胃/肌胃比率（P0.05）；饲喂颗粒料能够显著增加前两个阶段和全期的日增重、日耗料和腺胃与峡部剖开前、后的宽度（P0.05），降低了肌胃的体积和第一阶段的料重比（P0.05）；随着粉碎粒度的增加，腺胃松弛和肿胀程度减轻，宽度减小，胃壁厚度增加，，粘膜上皮细胞排列逐渐规则，炎性浸润降低，乳头结构趋于正常，肌胃体积增大，胃壁增厚，而对腺胃重、腺胃/肌胃比、肌胃指数、腺胃指数无显著影响（P0.05），有提高肌胃重的趋势（P=0.090.05）。粉碎粒度和料型对各阶段末重和日耗料及第一阶段和全期日增重有显著交互作（P0.05），对肌胃重、腺胃重、腺胃/肌胃、肌胃指数、腺胃指数以及腺胃和峡部剖开前、后宽度无明显的交互作用（P0.05）。通过病毒检测，在各组腺胃中并未检测到鸡传染性支气管炎病毒。 综上所述，1）营养水平对腺胃发育无明显的影响；2）饲喂粉料或增加粉碎粒度有助于腺胃的正常生理结构的维持和发育；而喂食颗粒料或粉碎粒度过细则可导致腺胃炎的发生，使腺胃松弛、壁薄，乳头扁平并有炎性浸润；由此可见，饲料的粉碎粒度和料型与腺胃炎的发生有关。
[Abstract]:Chicken gland gastritis (proventriculitis) showed slow growth, poor uniformity, feed utilization rate decreased, chicken proventriculus swelling, glandular stomach mucosa erosion. The gland gastritis reported more, but different point of view, some think it is caused by a virus, some are considered non infectious factors. This study mainly from non pathogenic factors, the effects of different nutritional level, different feed type and feed granularity effect on development and its relationship with gastric gland gland gastritis, to further explore the nutritional feeding, processing and other factors impact on the development of the main factors causing gastric gland, gland gastritis, and provide the experimental on the basis of nutrition and feeding and management of the prevention and control of this disease. The main contents of this study are as follows:
A test: To investigate the effect of feed type, the influence of nutrition level on fast development of large white feather chicken glandular stomach and gland gastritis occurred. Selection of the body weight of 45g broiler chicken and Ross 308 young 960 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 8 replicates, each replicate 30 chickens, 4 groups of broilers they were fed with normal nutrition granules, normal nutrition powder, low nutrition powder, low nutrition level diets. The pre phase particles of 14d 21d., official results showed that nutrient levels on growth of glandular stomach had no significant effect (P0.05), the material type has a significant effect on the growth of gastric gland (P0.05); particles can significantly improve the daily gain, but can lead to dysplasia of glandular stomach, causing inflammatory reaction; broiler feeding powder average daily gain was significantly lower than that of particles (P0.05), the normal development of the glandular stomach, gland gastritis infiltration was significantly lower than that of particles; of gland in chickens The detection of infectious bronchitis virus did not detect avian infectious bronchitis virus. Pathological observation of the glands and stomach in each group revealed that the gland and stomach developed normally in the feeding group, while that in the feeding group was abnormal.
Experiment two: Study of feed type and particle size on the influence of fast development of large white feather broiler proventriculus and gland gastritis linked. Selection of the body weight of 40g Ross 308 broiler chicks 1080 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 6 replicates per group and 30 hens in each replicate with 2 x 3. The double factor test design to test material, divided into pellet and powder feed, respectively 2mm, 5mm, 8mm sieve was crushed. The test is divided into three stages, the first stage 21d, second stage 11d, third stage 8D. results show that the coarse particle size fed diets significantly to improve the end of the first stage, material consumption, daily gain and feed weight ratio of second, significantly reduce the stomach and cut open after isthmus, width (P0.05), increased glandular stomach muscle thickness, papilla structure integrity and villus length, reduce the muscularis mucosa inflammatory infiltration and glandular stomach swelling, relaxation the degree of powder feeding; 鏂欏彲鏄捐憲鎻愰珮鑲岃儍閲

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