中国荷斯坦犊牛早期断奶营养代谢与沉积规律研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 07:00

本文选题：乳用犊牛　切入点：早期断奶　出处：《贵州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为研究低乳源蛋白代乳及不同植物蛋白源对中国荷斯坦犊牛早期断奶营养代谢与沉积规律的影响,选择品种来源一致、出生时间不超过3 d的中国荷斯坦公犊27头,随机分为3组,分别采用40%、55%、70%的非乳源性蛋白替代比例处理,研究低乳源蛋白代乳对乳用犊牛的早期断奶效果;对8周龄断奶后余下的18头早期断奶公犊(其余9头已屠宰做瘤胃发育生物学测定)随机分3组,分别用豆粕、豆粕和玉米蛋白粉各满足1/2蛋白、玉米蛋白粉3种处理,研究测定不同蛋白源对早期断奶犊牛生长发育效果的影响。并分别于22~28日龄、与118~126日龄采用全收粪收尿法进行消化代谢试验,研究测定低乳源蛋白代乳对初生犊牛早期断奶的消化代谢和蛋白、能量沉积规律以及不同植物蛋白源对早期断奶犊牛的消化代谢和蛋白、能量沉积规律。为中国荷斯坦母犊牛的早期断奶人工培育和公犊牛的肉牛资源化利用提供技术参考。结果显示,以改性植物蛋白和改性淀粉分别为早期断奶代乳料的蛋白质和能量的主要来源,3周龄早期断奶,代乳料中70%的非乳源性蛋白替代比例对初生犊牛早期断奶的体重、平均日增重、干物质采食量,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物及总能的消化率,蛋白质与脂肪的沉积量,消化能的代谢率和代谢能的沉积率,均与40%、55%的非乳源性蛋白替代比例处理相近(P0.05)。0~8周龄犊牛平均日增重为654.00g,蛋白质与脂肪每日沉积量为123.96g、148.00g;4周龄犊牛对蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物及总能的消化率分别为74.20%、95.68%、87.64%及86.53%,消化能的代谢率为95.72%,代谢能的沉积效率为40.81%。表明,以改性植物蛋白和改性淀粉分别为早期断奶代乳料的蛋白质和能量的主要来源,70%非乳源性蛋白代乳可使实现中国荷斯坦犊牛正常消化代谢和实现3周龄早期断奶,总哺乳量不超过100kg。以植物性蛋白饲料豆粕、豆粕和玉米蛋白粉各满足1/2蛋白、玉米蛋白粉为主要的蛋白来源,以玉米为主要的能量来源,结果显示,玉米蛋白粉的生长效果略优于豆粕或豆粕和玉米蛋白粉各满足1/2蛋白处理(p0.05)。2~4月龄犊牛的平均日增重为1016.13g,4~6月龄犊牛的平均日增重为1259.56g;蛋白质与脂肪每日沉积量为225.09g、393.74g。犊牛对蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物及总能的消化率分别为65.33%、74.95%、69.32%及69.17%,消化能转化为代谢能的效率为86.69%,可消化粗蛋白与代谢能的沉积效率分别为50.28%和45.00%。表明,玉米蛋白粉由于含营养抗原低,对早期断奶中国荷斯坦公犊具有更好的消化利用和转化效率。综上所述,以改性植物蛋白和改性淀粉分别为早期断奶代乳料的蛋白质和能量的主要来源,代乳中非乳源性蛋白替代比例可达70%,犊牛0~8周龄平均日增重654.00 g,生长效果良好,实现3周龄早期断奶,总哺乳量不超过100kg;以植物性蛋白饲料豆粕、豆粕和玉米蛋白粉各满足1/2蛋白、玉米蛋白粉为主要的蛋白来源,早期断奶犊牛2~6月龄平均日增重达1136.00g,以玉米蛋白粉处理的生长效果与能量、蛋白转化效率略优。因此,玉米蛋白粉可作为早期断奶犊牛理想的蛋白来源。提供相同蛋白质时,玉米蛋白粉的价格低于豆粕,又因该组生长效果较好,故玉米蛋白粉更适合作为犊牛料的蛋白来源。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of Ruyuan low protein milk replacer and different plant protein source on Chinese Holstein calves early weaning nutrition metabolism and deposition, select varieties of the same origin. The birth time is not more than 3 D Chinese veal calves 27 pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups, respectively by 40%, 55%, 70% non Ruyuan protein substitution ratio study on low protein treatment, Ruyuan milk substitute effect on milk in early weaned calves; on weaned 8 weeks after the rest of the 18 head of early weaned calves (the remaining 9 head slaughtered do rumen developmental biology determination) were randomly divided into 3 groups, respectively, with soybean meal, soybean meal and corn gluten meal each meet 1/2 protein, corn protein powder 3, effects of different protein sources on the growth effect of early weaned calves. Study on the determination and respectively in 22~28 days, and 118~126 days by total feces and urine collection method of digestion and metabolism experiment determination of low protein milk replacer of Ruyuan The digestion and metabolism and protein of newborn calf weaning, energy deposition and different plant sources of protein and protein metabolism of early weaned calves, energy deposition. For beef cattle resources utilization China female Holstein calf early weaned calves with artificial cultivation and provide technical reference. The results show that the modified vegetable protein and the modified starch respectively as the main source of early weaning milk replacer protein and energy, early weaned at 3 weeks of age, body weight of Ruyuan milk replacer in 70% protein replacement ratio of newborn calf early weaning, the average daily weight, dry matter intake, protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy of digestion the rate of deposition, the protein and fat deposition, metabolic rate and energy metabolism digestion rate, with 40%, 55% non Ruyuan protein replacement ratio (P0.05) treatment of similar.0~8 weeks old calves per day The weight gain of 654.00g, protein and fat deposition of daily 123.96g, 148.00g; 4 week old calves on protein, fat, carbohydrate and total digestion rates were 74.20%, 95.68%, 87.64% and 86.53%, digestible energy metabolic rate is 95.72%, the deposition efficiency of metabolizable energy for 40.81%. showed that the modified vegetable protein and modified starch were main sources of early weaning milk replacer protein and energy, 70% non Ruyuan protein milk replacer can achieve normal digestion and metabolism of Chinese Holstein calves at the age of 3 weeks and achieve early weaning, the total amount of breast-feeding is not more than 100kg. to plant protein feed soybean meal, soybean meal and corn gluten meal each meet 1/2 protein, corn protein powder as the main source of protein, with corn as the main source of energy. The results showed that the growth effect of maize protein powder is better than that of soybean meal or soybean meal and corn gluten meal each with 1/2 protein (P0.05 The average daily gain).2~4 month old calf weight was 1016.13g, average daily gain of 4~6 month old calf weight was 1259.56g; the protein and fat deposition in the daily capacity of 225.09g, 393.74g. of calf protein, fat, carbohydrate and total digestion rates were 65.33%, 74.95%, 69.32% and 69.17%, digestion can be converted into energy for metabolism efficiency 86.69%, digestible crude protein and metabolizable energy deposition efficiency were 50.28% and 45.00%. showed that the corn protein powder with low nutrition antigen, is better for early weaned China veal calves digestive utilization and conversion efficiency. To sum up, the modified vegetable protein and modified starch respectively as the main source of early weaning milk replacer the protein and energy, Ruyuan protein substitution ratio up to 70% non dairy calves, 0~8 weeks old, the average daily gain of 654 g, the growth of good effect, achieve 3 weeks early weaning, the total amount of lactation Not more than 100kg; to plant protein feed soybean meal, soybean meal and corn gluten meal each meet 1/2 protein, corn protein powder as the main source of protein in early weaned calves at the age of 2~6 months, the average daily gain was 1136.00g, the growth effect of maize protein powder processing and energy, protein conversion efficiency was slightly better. Therefore, corn protein powder can be used as the ideal source of protein in early weaned calves. Provide the same protein, corn protein powder is lower than the price of soybean meal, and because of the good growth effect, so the corn protein powder is more suitable to be used as feed protein sources.

【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823

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