精细饲养系统中羊只称重分群系统的研制

发布时间：2018-04-13 18:31

本文选题：精细饲养 + 羊只　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是一个人口大国,肉类食品的消费量每年都在提升。近几年来,羊肉每年的产量高达400多万吨,在所有肉类产品中占了近十分之一。我国羊只养殖以散养方式为主,通过地秤称量方式采集羊只体重信息,不仅耗费大量的人力资源且称重效率低,已远远不能满足日渐发展的精细饲养模式的需求。本文源于黑龙江省畜牧机械化研究所,按照其科技攻关项目《规模化养殖场羊只处理系统的研究》要求,围绕羊只体重自动采集、存储及羊只分群管理等方面,针对国内养殖业普遍存在的人工称重低效率等问题,研究并设计出一套羊只体重数据自动采集、存储及分群于一体的称重分群系统,解决了目前羊只养殖过程中人工称重低效率、分群和记录繁琐等问题。本文研制的羊只称重分群系统,由称重单元、羊只信息采集单元、控制单元、显示与操作单元、分栏单元、存储单元和遥控单元构成。通过称重单元和羊只信息采集单元,对羊只重量和身份信息进行采集,控制单元处理传感器采集的数据后,发送到显示与操作单元,根据采集的羊只体重,确定羊只应进入的群组,控制相应的分栏门打开,最后将所有数据进行保存,达到对羊只进行自动称重及分群的目的。本文在设计过程中利用单片机、射频识别(RFID)、传感器及串口通信等技术,对羊只称重分群系统进行研制。确定系统总体设计方案,分析系统组成,根据系统各部分功能,研究并选择相应硬件设备,重点对控制器、电源、压力信号处理等方面,设计相关电路。针对传感器非线性因素,在软件设计部分,采用基于最小二乘原理的曲线拟合法,对传感器进行非线性校正。通过静态称重和羊只动态称重试验,对研制的羊只称重分群系统进行测试,验证系统的稳定性,完成各部分功能的实现。试验证明,本文研制的羊只称重分群系统运行稳定,称重精度满足2%误差范围的设计要求。与传统的称重装置相比大大缩短了作业时间,提高了羊只的称重效率,不对羊只产生应激,实现了羊只的自动称重和分群,节省了大量的人力资源。
[Abstract]:China is a populous country, the consumption of meat food is increasing every year.In recent years, lamb has produced more than 4 million tons a year, accounting for nearly 1/10 of all meat products.Sheep breeding in China is mainly carried out in the form of scattered rearing. The information of sheep weight is collected by weighing and weighing, which not only consumes a lot of human resources, but also has low weighing efficiency. It is far from being able to meet the needs of the developing fine feeding model.This paper is originated from Heilongjiang Institute of Animal Husbandry Mechanization. According to the requirements of its scientific and technological project, "study on sheep handling system in large-scale breeding farm," this paper revolves around the automatic collection, storage and management of sheep body weight, as well as the management of sheep herd, etc.Aiming at the problems of low efficiency of artificial weighing in domestic breeding industry, this paper studies and designs an automatic collection, storage and grouping system of sheep weight data.The problems such as low efficiency of artificial weighing, clustering and tedious recording were solved in the process of sheep breeding.The sheep weighing and grouping system developed in this paper consists of weighing unit, sheep information collecting unit, control unit, display and operation unit, column unit, storage unit and remote control unit.Through the weighing unit and the sheep information collection unit, the weight and identity information of the sheep are collected. The control unit processes the data collected by the sensor and sends it to the display and operation unit. According to the collected sheep weight, the control unit processes the data collected by the sensor and sends it to the display and operation unit.To determine the group that sheep should enter, to control the corresponding column door to open, and finally to save all the data to achieve the purpose of automatic weighing and grouping of sheep.In this paper, the technology of single chip microcomputer, radio frequency identification (RFID), sensor and serial port communication is used to develop the sheep weighing and grouping system.The overall design scheme of the system is determined and the composition of the system is analyzed. According to the functions of each part of the system, the corresponding hardware equipment is studied and selected, and the related circuits are designed in the aspects of controller, power supply, pressure signal processing and so on.In the part of software design, the method of curve fitting based on least square principle is used to correct the sensor nonlinearity.Through static weighing and dynamic weighing test, the developed sheep weighing and sorting system is tested, the stability of the system is verified, and the functions of each part of the system are realized.The experiment proves that the system of sheep weighing and dividing group is stable and the weighing precision can meet the design requirement of 2% error range.Compared with the traditional weighing device, the work time is shortened greatly, the weighing efficiency of sheep is improved, the stress of sheep is not produced, the automatic weighing and grouping of sheep is realized, and a lot of human resources are saved.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S826;TP399-C4

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