奶牛反刍行为变化规律及其影响因素的相关性研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 03:05

本文选题：反刍行为 + 躺卧行为　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：奶牛的反刍行为与生产性能、繁殖性能、应激反应以及疾病等因素密切相关，反刍行为的变化在一定程度上反映了奶牛的生理健康状况。近年来，针对奶牛反刍、采食、社交等行为的相关研究逐渐受到重视，国外各类学术杂志相继发表了关于奶牛反刍行为的研究进展，然而，我国关于反刍行为的研究报道较少，本研究围绕奶牛反刍行为的变化，从以下三个方面进行探讨，以期为今后进一步的相关研究提供参考依据。首先，试验探究了奶牛反刍时间、躺卧行为、采食量和产奶量之间的关系。试验选取32头体况良好、体重500kg（SD=56）、处于泌乳中期（泌乳第5～6月）、日平均产奶量33kg（SD=3）的荷斯坦奶牛，其中初产奶牛16头，经产奶牛16头，胎次为1.7±0.（8Mean±SD）。试验期内，使用SCR公司研发的HR-Tag项圈记录反刍时间（RT，Rumination Time），使用运动记录仪HOBO Pendant G记录躺卧行为（躺卧时间和躺卧次数；Lying time and lying frequency），使用Insentec BV自动采食槽记录采食量（Feed Intake），通过牧场挤奶厅内博美特（BouMatic）挤奶系统记录日产奶量（Milk Yield）。试验结果表明，反刍时间不同的奶牛在干物质采食、产奶量以及躺卧行为方面并没有差别，而且，干物质采食量、产奶量以及躺卧行为与反刍行为无显著性相关，即，反刍时间相对于其他三个变量是一个独立变量。但产奶量与干物质采食量之间存在显著正相关，并得到回归公式为DMI=8.98+0.36*MY（Milk Yield），R2=0.39。其次，试验研究了发情期间奶牛反刍行为和产奶量的变化规律。采集了万头牧场SCR管理系统中，奶牛的发情数据、产奶数据以及反刍行为数据。根据牧场当地年气候变化规律，将时间分为寒冷季节和温暖季节。以发情前、发情当天以及发情后为三个时间节点，分析奶牛发情过程中，反刍时间和产奶量的变化规律。结果表明，奶牛发情时，反刍时间下降，从发情前的423.0min/d下降到358.1min/d，下降了65.8min，，下降比例为15.55%。然而，反刍时间的变化不受季节因素影响（P=0.34），但不同胎次的奶牛发情时反刍时间变化有显著差别（P0.01）。随着奶牛胎次的增加，奶牛发情期间反刍时间下降幅度逐渐减小。另一方面，发情前产奶量与发情当天无显著差异（P=0.93），分别为36.91kg/d、36.97kg/d，然而，发情后产奶量均值为34.58kg/d，较发情前和发情当天产奶量显著下降（P0.01）。不同胎次牛发情当天与发情后的产奶量相比，存在显著性差异（P0.01），其中，三胎以上牛的产奶量平均下降量显著高于头胎牛、二胎牛和三胎牛（P0.01）。最后，试验研究了奶牛常见疾病对反刍行为的影响。采集了万头牧场奶牛疾病记录以及SCR系统管理系统中反刍行为数据。按疾病的类型分为七大类疾病，分别为消化道类疾病、繁殖类疾病、乳房炎、炎症反应、乳房外伤、肢蹄疾病和酮病。分析患有不同疾病奶牛反刍时间的变化规律，即相较于健康体况下反刍时间的均值，奶牛患病时反刍时间的下降程度。结果表明，不同种类疾病对奶牛反刍时间的影响结果各不相同，消化道类疾病对奶牛反刍时间影响最显著，其次是繁殖类疾病，再次是乳房炎和肺炎等炎症反应，之后是乳房外伤和肢蹄疾病，而酮病对反刍时间的影响最小。
[Abstract]:The reproductive performance of ruminant behavior and production performance of dairy cows, stress response factors and the disease is closely related to changes in ruminant behavior reflects the physical health status of dairy cows in a certain extent. In recent years, the dairy ruminant feed, related research, social behavior gradually attention, all kinds of foreign journals have been published. Research progress on dairy ruminant behavior however, research reports on ruminant behavior in China is few, the change of around ruminating cows, from the following three aspects, to provide a reference for future research further.
First of all, the experiment studied dairy ruminant, lying behavior, the relationship between intake and milk yield. The experiment selects 32 head body condition, body weight, 500kg (SD=56) in mid lactation (lactation from fifth to June), the average daily milk yield of 33kg (SD=3) of Holstein cows, the primiparous cows 16 multiparous head, 16 cows, 1.7 parity + 0. (8Mean + SD). The trial period, the use of SCR & HR-Tag collar records (RT Rumination Time, rumination time), using HOBO Pendant G motion recorder records lying (lie time and number of Lying time and: lying; frequency), the use of Insentec BV automatic feeder recording intake (Feed Intake), the ranch milking hall Emmett bonnet (BouMatic) milking system to record the daily milk yield (Milk Yield). The experimental results show that different rumination time of cows in dry matter intake, milk yield, and lying behavior There is no difference, and dry matter intake, no significant correlation, milk yield and lying behavior and rumination behavior namely, rumination time compared with the other three variables are independent variables. But the milk yield and dry matter intake had a significant positive correlation between food intake, and get the regression formula is DMI=8.98+0.36*MY (Milk Yield) R2=0.39..
Secondly, studied during oestrus behavior and changes of ruminant cow milk production. Collected ten thousand ranch in SCR management system, the milk cow estrus data, data and data. According to the local pasture ruminating behavior of climate change rules, the time is divided into cold season and warm season. To estrus before estrus the day after estrus and three time node, analysis of oestrus process, variation of rumination time and milk yield. The results showed that the oestrus, rumination time decreased, decreased from 423.0min/d to 358.1min/d before estrus, decreased 65.8min, decreased the ratio of 15.55%.. However, the change of rumination time no seasonal factors effect of (P=0.34), but the oestrus of Different Parities when there was a significant difference between the changes of rumination time (P0.01). With the increase of parities, during the oestrus rumination time decreased to another. Hand, milk production before oestrus and oestrus day had no significant difference (P=0.93), respectively 36.91kg/d, 36.97kg/d, however, the estrus milk yield mean 34.58kg/d, compared with before estrus and estrus day milk yield decreased significantly (P0.01). Different parity and milk production in bovine estrus day after estrus in existence significant differences (P0.01), the milk yield of three fetal bovine above average decrease was significantly higher than that in the first two cattle, cattle and three fetal bovine (P0.01).
Finally, experimental study on effects of common diseases of dairy cows on ruminant behavior. Collected ruminant behavior million head of cow disease and SCR ranch records management system data. According to the type of disease is divided into seven kinds of diseases, were gastrointestinal diseases, reproductive diseases, mastitis, breast inflammation, trauma, limb hoof disease and ketosis. Analysis of the change regularity with different diseases of dairy ruminant time, is compared with the mean body condition of the rumination time health, decrease time in ruminant cows. The results showed that the effects of different kinds of diseases of dairy cows on the reverse time vary, digestive tract diseases of cow ruminating time effect obviously, followed by reproductive diseases, such as pneumonia and mastitis again is inflammatory reaction after trauma is breast and limb hoof disease, with minimal effects of ketosis on rumination time.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823

【参考文献】