嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉粕条件参数优化及黄羽肉鸡应用效果研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 21:50

本文选题：嗜酸乳杆菌 + 发酵棉粕　；参考：《石河子大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:本论文通过响应面法对嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉粕条件参数进行了优化,并将发酵棉粕添加于黄羽肉鸡日粮中,研究对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质、免疫功能和抗氧化功能的影响,揭示其在黄羽肉鸡上的应用效果,为益生菌发酵棉粕在肉鸡生产上的合理利用提供理论依据和实践参考。方法:本论文包括四个试验内容,研究方法如下:试验一:响应面法优化嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉粕工艺参数。试验采用单因素试验和响应面法,单因素试验结果表明接种量、温度和发酵时间对试验结果影响显著,根据响应面的基本原理,以发酵饲料中乳酸含量为优化指标,利用Design Expert软件优化发酵条件。试验二:研究嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡养分表观代谢率和生长性能的影响。试验选用21日龄健康黄羽肉鸡公鸡180只,随机分成3组,分别为Ⅰ组(对照组)、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂含6%棉粕的基础日粮,Ⅱ组饲喂含6%嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉粕的试验日粮,Ⅲ组饲喂在含6%棉粕的基础日粮中添加7×104 CFU/g的嗜酸乳杆菌的试验日粮。试验期分2阶段:21~42日龄和43~64日龄。采用全收粪法测定表观代谢率,计算ADG、ADFI、F/G等生产性能指标。试验三:研究嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡屠宰性能、胴体营养成分及血清生化指标的影响。在试验二的基础上,黄羽肉鸡42和64日龄时进行采血、屠宰和取样,计算屠宰率等,并测定血清生化和胴体营养成分指标。试验四:研究嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡免疫功能和抗氧化功能的影响。在试验三的基础上,进行采血和取样,计算免疫器官指数,测定血清免疫细胞因子IL-2和IL-6含量及脾脏免疫基因IFN-γ和IL-10表达量,并测定血清和肝脏的T-SOD活性、GSH-Px活性、T-AOC及MDA含量。结果:试验一:发酵条件参数优化结果:接种量为5.96 m L/100g(菌液浓度为2.52×106CFU/m L),发酵温度为36.99℃,发酵时间为48.26 h。此条件下发酵产物中乳酸含量预测可达7.57%,实际试验结果为7.50%。试验二:1)Ⅱ组CP表观代谢率显著高于对照组和Ⅲ组,EE、Ash、Ca和P的表观代谢率均无显著差异(P0.05)。2)21~42日龄,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组ADG显著提高了8.61%(P0.05),F/G显著下降了7.69%(P0.05),ADFI无显著差异(P0.05);Ⅲ组ADG、ADFI和F/G无显著差异(P0.05)。43~64日龄,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组ADG显著提高了12.32%(P0.05),ADFI和F/G无显著差异(P0.05);Ⅲ组ADG、ADFI和F/G均无显著差异(P0.05)。试验三:1)42日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组屠宰率、半净膛率和全净膛率分别显著提高了2.99%、7.55%和12.33%(P0.05);Ⅲ组屠宰性能指标无显著差异(P0.05)。与Ⅲ组相比,Ⅱ组屠宰率和半净膛率分别显著提高了3.43%和6.38%(P0.05)。64日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组屠宰率、胸肌率和腿肌率分别显著提高了5.27%、8.92%和7.05%(P0.05),半净膛率极显著提高了6.84%(P0.01);Ⅲ组屠宰性能指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。与Ⅲ组相比,Ⅱ组屠宰率、半净膛率和胸肌率分别显著提高了4.08%、4.35%和5.16%(P0.05)。2)除胸肌和腿肌的失水率显著低于对照组和Ⅲ组外,各组间的p H值、干物质、蛋白质和脂肪含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。3)42日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组血清TP和ALB含量分别显著提高了10.06%和12.60%(P0.05),BUN含量极显著降低了46.76%(P0.01);Ⅲ组血清生化指标无显著差异(P0.05)。与Ⅲ组相比,Ⅱ组血清TP和ALB含量分别显著提高了9.58%和13.10%(P0.05),BUN含量极显著降低了47.88%(P0.01)。64日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组血清Ca含量显著提高了11.74%(P0.05),BUN含量极显著降低了37.40%(P0.01);Ⅲ组血清生化指标无显著差异(P0.05)。与Ⅲ组相比,Ⅱ组BUN含量极显著降低了40.58%(P0.01)。试验四:1)42日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的胸腺指数、脾脏指数和法氏囊指数无显著差异(P0.05)。64日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组的脾脏指数、法氏囊指数和血清中IL-2含量分别显著提高了47.69%、20.59%和5.77%(P0.05),脾脏中IL-10m RNA表达量极显著提高了449.37%(P0.01),Ⅲ组脾脏中IFN-γ和IL-10m RNA表达量分别显著提高了153.45%和255.70%(P0.05);与Ⅲ组相比,Ⅱ组脾脏中IL-10m RNA表达量提高了54.45%(P0.05),有提高趋势(P0.10)。2)42日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组血清的T-SOD活性和T-AOC分别显著提高了8.26%和22.13%(P0.05),肝脏T-AOC显著提高了22.34%(P0.05);与Ⅲ组相比,Ⅱ组血清的T-AOC显著提高了27.25%(P0.05)。64日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组血清的T-SOD活性极显著提高了10.17%(P0.01),GSH-Px活性显著提高了20.45%(P0.05),肝脏T-SOD活性极显著提高了26.17%(P0.01);与Ⅲ组相比,Ⅱ组血清的GSH-Px活性显著提高了19.45%(P0.05),肝脏T-SOD活性极显著提高了18.41%(P0.01),GSH-Px活性显著提高了21.23%(P0.05)。结论:嗜酸乳杆菌发酵棉粕的最佳条件:接种量为5.96 m L/100g(菌液浓度为2.52×106CFU/m L),发酵温度为36.99℃,发酵时间为48.26 h,发酵产物中乳酸含量为7.50%。饲料中添加发酵棉粕可显著提高黄羽肉鸡的生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫功能和抗氧化功能,增强黄羽肉鸡对蛋白质、脂肪和Ca等营养物质的利用,对养分表观代谢率和胴体营养成分无显著影响。
[Abstract]:Objective: to optimize the condition parameters of Lactobacillus acidophilus fermented cottonseed meal by response surface method, the fermented cottonseed meal was added to the diet of yellow feathered broiler, and the effects on the growth performance, meat quality, immune function and antioxidant function of Huang Yu broiler were studied, and the effect of its application on Huang Yu broiler was revealed, and the fermented cottonseed meal was fermented by probiotics in meat. The rational utilization of chicken production provides theoretical basis and practical reference. Methods: This paper includes four experimental contents and research methods as follows: Test 1: optimization of process parameters of cottonseed meal fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus by response surface method. Single factor test and response surface method are adopted in the experiment. The single factor test results show that the inoculation quantity, temperature and fermentation time are tested. The results were significant. According to the basic principle of the response surface, the fermentation conditions were optimized with the lactic acid content in the fermented feed and the Design Expert software was used to optimize the fermentation conditions. Experiment two: the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus fermented cottonseed meal on the nutrient apparent metabolic rate and growth performance of Huang Yu broilers were studied. 180 chickens with 21 days old healthy yellow feathered broilers were selected. The machine was divided into 3 groups: group I (control group), group II and group III, 6 repetitions in each group and 10 chickens in each group. The control group was fed a basal diet containing 6% cottonseed meal. Group II was fed with 6% Lactobacillus acidophilus fermented cottonseed meal test diet. Group III was fed a diet of 7 * 104 CFU/g of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the basal diet containing 6% cotton meal. The period was divided into 2 stages: 21~42 day age and 43~64 day age. The apparent metabolic rate was measured by full dung method, and the performance indexes of ADG, ADFI and F/G were calculated. Experiment three: the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus fermented cottonseed meal on the slaughter performance, carcass nutrition and serum biochemical indexes of Huang Yu broiler were studied. On the basis of experiment two, Huang Yu broilers were carried out at 42 and 64 days of age. Blood collection, slaughter and sampling, calculation of slaughter rate, and determination of serum biochemical and carcass nutritional components. Test four: the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus fermented cottonseed meal on immune function and antioxidant function of Huang Yu broilers were studied. On the basis of test three, blood collection and sampling were carried out, immune organ index was calculated and serum immune cytokine IL-2 and I were measured. The content of L-6 and the expression of spleen immune gene IFN- gamma and IL-10, and determination of T-SOD activity in serum and liver, GSH-Px activity, T-AOC and MDA content. Results: Experiment 1: optimization results of fermentation conditions: inoculation amount is 5.96 m L/100g (2.52 x 106CFU/m L), fermentation temperature is 36.99, and fermentation time is 48.26 h.. The prediction of lactic acid content in the substance was up to 7.57%. The actual test results were 7.50%. test two: 1) the apparent metabolic rate of CP in group II was significantly higher than that of control group and group III. The apparent metabolic rate of EE, Ash, Ca and P had no significant difference (P0.05).2) 21~42 days, compared with the control group, ADG increased by 8.61% (P0.05) and F/G significantly decreased by 7.69%. There was no significant difference (P0.05); group III ADG, ADFI and F/G had no significant difference (P0.05).43~64 day age. Compared with the control group, ADG was significantly increased by 12.32% (P0.05), ADFI and F/G had no significant difference (P0.05), and group III ADG, 1) 42 days old, the slaughter rate, the half chamber rate and the full chamber rate of the group II were compared with the control group. Do not significantly increase 2.99%, 7.55% and 12.33% (P0.05). There was no significant difference in slaughter performance index in group III (P0.05). Compared with group III, the slaughter rate and the half net chamber rate of group II were significantly increased by 3.43% and 6.38% (P0.05).64 days respectively. Compared with the control group, the slaughter rate, the thoracic muscle rate and the leg muscle rate in the group II were significantly increased by 5.27%, 8.92% and 7.05% (P0.05), respectively. Compared with group III, the slaughter rate, the half chamber rate and the breast muscle rate of group II were significantly increased by 4.08%, 4.35% and 5.16% (P0.05).2, respectively, compared with group III, and the rate of water loss in the chest and leg muscles was significantly lower than that of the control group and group III, and the P H value, dry matter and protein in each group were significantly lower than those in group III and group III, compared with group III. There was no significant difference in quality and fat content (P0.05).3) at 42 days old, compared with the control group, the serum TP and ALB content in group II increased by 10.06% and 12.60% (P0.05), BUN content was significantly decreased by 46.76% (P0.01), and there was no significant difference in serum biochemical indexes in group III (P0.05). Compared with group III, the content of serum TP and ALB in group II was significantly increased by 9. .58% and 13.10% (P0.05), BUN content significantly reduced 47.88% (P0.01).64 days of age, compared with the control group, the serum Ca content of group II was significantly increased by 11.74% (P0.05), BUN content was significantly reduced by 37.40% (P0.01), and there was no significant difference in serum biochemical indexes in group III (P0.05). Compared with group III, the BUN content of group II was significantly reduced by 40.58% (P0.01). Four: 1) at 42 days of age, compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the thymus index, spleen index and bursal index in group II and group III (P0.05).64 days of age. Compared with the control group, the spleen index, the bursal index and the IL-2 content in the serum of the group II were significantly increased by 47.69%, 20.59% and 5.77% (P0.05), and the expression of IL-10m RNA in the spleen was very significant. The expression of IFN- gamma and IL-10m RNA in the spleen of group III was increased by 153.45% and 255.70% (P0.05), respectively. Compared with group III, the expression of IL-10m RNA in the spleen of group II was increased by 54.45% (P0.05) and there was a tendency to increase (P0.10).2) at 42 days of age. Compared with the control group, the T-SOD activity of serum and T-AOC in group II increased by 8., respectively. 26% and 22.13% (P0.05), the liver T-AOC increased by 22.34% (P0.05). Compared with group III, the T-AOC of serum in group II was significantly increased by 27.25% (P0.05).64 day age. Compared with the control group, the serum T-SOD activity of group II was significantly increased by 10.17% (P0.01), GSH-Px activity was significantly increased by 20.45% (P0.05), and T-SOD activity in the liver was significantly increased by 26.17% (P0) (P0) was 26.17% (P0). .01): compared with group III, the GSH-Px activity of serum in group II was increased by 19.45% (P0.05), the activity of T-SOD in liver was greatly increased by 18.41% (P0.01), and the activity of GSH-Px was significantly increased by 21.23% (P0.05). Conclusion: the optimum condition for the fermentation of cottonseed meal by Lactobacillus acidophilus was: the inoculation amount was 5.96 m L/100g (the concentration of bacterial liquid was 2.52 * 106CFU/m L), and the fermentation temperature was 36.99. The fermentation time was 48.26 h, and the fermented cottonseed meal added to the 7.50%. feed content in the fermentation product could significantly increase the growth performance, slaughter performance, immune function and antioxidant function of the Yellow feathered broiler, enhance the utilization of protein, fat and Ca in yellow feathered broilers, and have no significant effect on nutrient apparent metabolic rate and carcass nutrient composition. Ringing.

【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S831.5

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