热辅快速生物发酵降解病死猪尸体生物安全效果评估

发布时间：2018-04-27 02:17

本文选题：病死猪尸体 + 无害化　；参考：《河南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：病死猪尸体处理中的生物安全一直是一个难题,虽然目前存在着多种病死猪尸体无害化处理工艺,但各种工艺的处理效果参次不齐。能否有效杀死病死猪尸体内的各种病原是评价一种处理工艺生物安全效果的最基本标准,然而目前却缺乏一种评价病死猪尸体无害化处理生物安全效果的有效方法。本研究旨在对热辅快速生物发酵无害化处理工艺处理病死猪尸体的效果进行评价,建立病死猪尸体无害化处理生物安全效果的科学评估方法。为了解病死猪尸体无害化处理现状,对河南省157家规模养猪场进行了问卷调查,对河南部分市、县级动物卫生监督所和病死猪尸体无害化处理厂进行实地走访调查;同时对河南省动物疫病预防控制中心进行调查,了解当前猪主要流行疫病、流行规律。通过调查发现当前病死猪尸体无害化处理工作中存在着病死猪尸体无害化处理方法落后、无害化处理场所匮乏、病死猪尸体收集运输体系不健全、病死猪尸体处理过程中生物安全意识不足、监管部门监管任务重监管力度弱、病死猪尸体集中无害化处理基础设施落后等诸多问题。同时确立了病死猪尸体无害化处理过程生物安全的关键控制节点即无害化处理场所选址及周边环境、病死猪的储存与收集、病死猪的运输、人员的流动、无害化处理过程、无害化处理产物及无害化处理设备、运输工具;同时依据病死猪尸体无害化处理相关的法律法规、技术规范、生产实践中成功的案例及自身调查结果拟定出病死猪尸体无害化处理各环节的生物安全措施,指导病死猪尸体无害化处理生产实践。利用实验室RT-PCR(PCR)病原检测技术及病毒分离培养对热辅快速生物发酵无害化处理病死猪尸体工艺的处理效果进行评价,对该工艺处理前后的样品分别进行猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒、伪狂犬病毒、猪口蹄疫病毒、猪细小病毒、猪蓝耳病病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒与流行性腹泻病毒、副猪嗜血杆菌、猪链球菌、猪支原体11种猪病常见病原的检测,并与自然分解法的处理效果进行对比。结果显示,热辅快速生物发酵病死猪尸体无害化处理工艺能杀死除猪瘟病毒外的所有检测到的猪常见病病原,处理效果基本达到无害化,选择不同的发酵菌种及处理时间的长短直接影响工艺的处理效果;与自然分解工艺的处理效果进行对比,对比显示热辅快速生物发酵降解工艺处理效果优于自然分解工艺,在评价处理效果的过程中建立起了病死猪尸体无害化处理工艺的科学评估方法。
[Abstract]:Biosafety in the treatment of sick and dead pig carcasses is always a difficult problem. Although there are many kinds of harmless treatment techniques for dead pig carcasses at present, the treatment effects of these processes are not uniform. It is the most basic criterion to evaluate the biosafety effect of a treatment process, but there is a lack of an effective method to evaluate the biological safety effect of the harmless treatment of the dead pig carcass. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat assisted rapid biological fermentation on the treatment of dead pig carcasses, and to establish a scientific method for evaluating the biological safety effect of harmless treatment of dead pig carcasses. In order to understand the present situation of harmless disposal of dead pig carcasses, a questionnaire survey was carried out on 157 large-scale pig farms in Henan Province, and field visits were made to animal health supervision institutes at county level and innocuous treatment plants of dead pig carcasses in some cities of Henan Province. At the same time, the animal epidemic disease prevention and control center of Henan Province was investigated to understand the main epidemic diseases and epidemic rules of pigs. Through the investigation, it is found that in the present harmless treatment of dead pig carcasses, the methods of innocuous treatment are backward, the places of harmless disposal are scarce, and the collection and transportation system of dead and sick pig carcasses is not perfect. There are many problems such as insufficient consciousness of biosafety in the process of disposal of sick and dead pig, weak supervision and supervision of supervision task, and backward infrastructure for concentrated and harmless treatment of dead pig carcass. At the same time, the key control node of biosafety in the process of harmless disposal of dead pigs was established, that is, the site selection and surrounding environment of harmless treatment sites, the storage and collection of sick and dead pigs, the transportation of sick and dead pigs, the movement of people, the process of innocuous treatment. Innocuous treatment products and equipment and means of transport; at the same time, according to the laws and regulations related to the harmless treatment of dead and sick pig carcasses, the technical specifications, The successful cases in production practice and the results of self-investigation work out the biosafety measures for the harmless disposal of dead pig carcasses, and guide the production practice of harmless disposal of dead pig carcasses. Laboratory RT-PCR- PCR technique and virus isolation and culture were used to evaluate the treatment effect of heat-assisted rapid biological fermentation for the treatment of dead pig carcass. The samples before and after treatment were treated with swine fever virus and porcine circovirus, respectively. Detection of 11 common pathogens of swine diseases such as pseudorabies virus, porcine foot and mouth disease virus, porcine parvovirus, porcine blue ear disease virus, porcine infectious gastroenteritis virus and epidemic diarrhea virus, Haemophilus parahaemophilus, Streptococcus suis, mycoplasma suis, The results are compared with that of natural decomposition method. The results showed that heat assisted rapid biological fermentation of dead pig carcasses could kill all the common pathogens except swine fever virus, and the treatment effect was basically innocuous. The selection of different strains of fermentation bacteria and the length of treatment time directly affect the treatment effect of the process, and compared with the natural decomposition process, the comparison shows that the treatment effect of thermal assisted rapid biodegradation process is better than that of natural decomposition process. In the process of evaluating the treatment effect, a scientific evaluation method for harmless treatment of dead pig carcasses was established.
【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S851.23

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