半干旱黄土高原丘陵区植物群落构成对山羊放牧路径的影响

发布时间：2018-04-27 11:37

本文选题：牧场 + 山羊运动轨迹　；参考：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究以半干旱黄土高原丘陵区为研究区域,使用GPS记录了羊群日运动轨迹,采取远距离拍照的方法获得了单只山羊在山坡的高精度运动轨迹,同时采用传统样方法在生物量最大季节测量了不同坡向植物群落构成。继而利用地理信息系统和遥感图像处理方法,分析了不同季节(1)放牧过程中羊群日运动轨迹特征(包括：速度、与水平面夹角、转角)；(2)羊群对不同坡向利用强度差异。得到以下结论：(1)羊群运动轨迹受植物群落结构的显著影响。在冬季随着食物资源的减少,羊群相对采食时间增加。不同坡向植物群落结构的差异影响羊群对不同坡向的使用比例。相对于阴坡和阳坡,山羊偏向于使用半阴坡,并且在半阴坡采食时间长于阴坡和阳坡。(2)山羊存在两种基本运动状态：采食和转移,这两种运动状态对应的速度分别为0-0.25m/s和0.25～1m/s。采食和转移状态下的运动路径与水平面夹角和转角显著不同。在采食状态下运动路径与水平面夹角和转角分别有51.3%和47.5%分布于60°～90°,而在转移状态下分别有78.4%和76.9%分布于0°～30°。食物资源丰富时,山羊主要是在群落内对个体植物或植物群体选择；食物资源匮乏时,山羊主要是在群落间对植物群落进行选择。在半阴坡,适口性植物丰度较高,转角频率较高;山羊对个体植物的选择时间比例较阴坡、阳坡高。(3)牧道对山羊运动路径的选择有限制作用。山羊对牧道具有高利用率,其运动过程中90.7%的踩踏发生在牧道上,并且86.6%的“采食站”也位于牧道。山羊在采食和转移过程中,倾向于使用已经存在的牧道网络,而不是创造新的牧道。(4)羊群对采食区域的重复利用强度受植物群落结构的影响。在食物资源匮乏的冬季,羊群对采食区域的重访比例显著高于食物资源丰富的秋季。在冬季和秋季羊群对半阴坡的重访比例均显著高于阴坡和阳坡。
[Abstract]:In this study, the hilly region of semi-arid Loess Plateau was used to record the daily movement track of sheep using GPS, and the high-precision trajectory of single goat on the hillside was obtained by long-distance photography. At the same time, the traditional sampling method was used to measure the composition of plant communities in different slope directions in the maximum biomass season. Then, using GIS and remote sensing image processing method, the characteristics of herding daily movement track (including velocity, angle with horizontal plane and rotation angle) during grazing in different seasons were analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) the herding movement track is significantly affected by the plant community structure. With the decrease of food resources in winter, the relative feeding time of sheep increased. The difference of plant community structure in different slope direction affected the utilization ratio of sheep to different slope direction. Compared with the shady slope and the sunny slope, the goat preferred to use the semi-shady slope, and the feeding time on the semi-shady slope was longer than that on the shady slope and on the Yang-slope.) there were two basic motional states: feeding and transferring. The corresponding velocities of these two motion states were 0-0.25m/s and 0.25g / s respectively. The movement path is significantly different from the angle and rotation angle of horizontal plane in the state of feeding and transferring. The angle and angle of motion path to horizontal plane were 51.3% and 47.5% at 60 掳and 90 掳, respectively, and 78.4% and 76.9% were distributed at 0 掳and 30 掳respectively under the condition of feeding. When food resources are abundant, goats mainly choose individual plants or plant populations in the community, and goats mainly select plant communities among communities when food resources are scarce. In semi-shady slope, palatability plant abundance is higher, turning angle frequency is higher, goat selection time ratio to individual plant is higher than shady slope, sunny slope height. Goats had a high utilization rate of herding, 90.7% of the trampling occurred in the pastoral way during the exercise, and 86.6% of the "feeding station" was also located in the pastoral road. In the process of feeding and transferring goats tend to use the existing pastoral network rather than create new herding way. 4) the reutilization intensity of sheep in the feeding area is affected by the plant community structure. In the winter when food resources were scarce, the revisiting rate of sheep to feeding area was significantly higher than that of food resource rich autumn. In winter and autumn, the revisiting ratio of sheep to semi-overcast slope was significantly higher than that of shady slope and sunny slope.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S827

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