内蒙古草地抗压能力评估及利用保护空间划定

发布时间：2018-04-29 22:25

本文选题：内蒙古草原 + 草地植被状态　；参考：《南京信息工程大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：草地是我国畜牧业发展的核心和载体,也是我国北方重要的生态屏障。长期以来,在气候变化和放牧的双重压力下,我国草地严重退化的问题已经受到广泛关注。基于此,本文以内蒙古自治区为研究区域,通过气象数据和多源遥感数据,对2001-2010年间草地植被状况、抗压能力进行评估,并结合内蒙古草地植被的现状、状态层贡献率、压力层贡献率和抗压能力,进一步探讨内蒙古草地利用和保护区域的划定。结果表明:(1)内蒙古草地的植被净生产力、叶面积指数、植被覆盖度、降水利用效率、净生态系统生产力等指标都存在着明显的地域性差异且有明显的经度地带性。鄂尔多斯西部、浑善达克沙地和呼伦贝尔盟西部草地各项指标的年际波动相对较大,而锡林郭勒盟东部和呼伦贝尔盟中部各项指标的年际波动则相对较小。(2)内蒙古草地抗压能力呈地带性分布。通辽市东南部、阿拉善盟东部、鄂尔多斯西南部和巴彦淖尔盟北部的草地抗压能力较高;呼和浩特-乌兰察布盟-包头-锡林郭勒盟东南部这一片草地的抗压能力较低。抗压能力较高、一般、较低的草地分别占内蒙古总草地面积的18%、47%和35%; (3)赤峰市北部的巴林右旗和巴林左旗的草地保护优先级最高;而草地利用优先级最高的草地则分布在呼伦贝尔盟的中部、锡林郭勒盟中北部的阿巴嘎旗和锡林浩特市以及赤峰市的西南部;(4)2001-2010年间,随着生态修复工程的进行和畜牧业生产方式的转变,原本植被状况面临严重威胁的草地的单位草地面积牲畜数量增加,植被呈现了恢复的趋势,并具有较强的抗压能力。相反对于原本受退化威胁较轻、植被状况良好的地区则出现了单位面积牲畜数量降低和植被整体状况退化的趋势,并反映出较差的抗压能力,造成这样现象的原因可能是生态修复工程对这些地区的忽视以及过度放牧的畜牧业生产方式。
[Abstract]:Grassland is the core and carrier of animal husbandry development in China, and it is also an important ecological barrier in northern China. For a long time, under the dual pressure of climate change and grazing, the serious degradation of grassland in China has been paid more and more attention. Based on this, this paper takes Inner Mongolia Autonomous region as the research area, through meteorological data and multi-source remote sensing data, evaluates the grassland vegetation condition and anti-pressure ability from 2001 to 2010, and combines the present situation of Inner Mongolia grassland vegetation, the contribution rate of state layer. The contribution rate of pressure layer and the ability of resisting pressure are further discussed in the delineation of grassland utilization and protection area in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the vegetation net productivity, leaf area index, vegetation coverage, precipitation utilization efficiency and net ecosystem productivity of Inner Mongolia grassland had obvious regional differences and obvious longitude zonation. In the western part of Ordos, the interannual fluctuation of grassland indexes in Hunshandak sandy land and the western part of Hulunbeir League is relatively large. The interannual fluctuation of the indexes in the eastern part of Xilingol League and the central part of Hulun Belle League is relatively small. 2) the compressive capacity of Inner Mongolia grassland is distributed zonality. The grassland in southeast of Tongliao City, east of Alashan League, southwest of Ordos and northern part of Bayannur League has higher ability of resisting pressure, but the grassland of Hohhot-Ulanchabumen-Baotou-the southeast of Xilingol League has lower ability of resisting pressure. In general, the lower grassland accounted for 1847% and 35% of the total grassland area in Inner Mongolia, respectively, and the grassland protection priority was highest in Balin Youqi and Balingzuo Banner in the north of Chifeng. The highest priority grasslands are located in the central part of the Hulunbeir League, the Abaca and Xilinhaote cities in the north-central part of the Xilanguole League, and the southwestern part of Chifeng City in the period 2001-2010. With the development of ecological restoration project and the transformation of animal husbandry production mode, the number of livestock per unit grassland area which had been seriously threatened by the vegetation situation increased, the vegetation showed a trend of restoration, and had a strong ability to resist pressure. On the contrary, in areas where the threat of degradation is lighter and vegetation is in good condition, there is a tendency to decrease the number of livestock per unit area and to degrade the overall vegetation status, and to reflect poor resilience to pressure. The causes of this phenomenon may be the neglect of these areas by ecological restoration works and the overgrazing of animal husbandry production methods.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812

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