壳寡糖对肉仔鸡生产性能、屠宰性能、免疫指标及骨骼参数的影响

发布时间：2018-04-30 18:06

本文选题：肉仔鸡 + 壳寡糖　；参考：《河南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了研究壳寡糖对肉仔鸡生产性能、屠宰性能、免疫指标及骨骼钙磷沉积的影响,本试验选用150只AA白羽肉仔鸡公雏(1 d),随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复5只鸡。本试验设计了不同的钙水平和壳寡糖添加水平,分别为对照组:基础日粮+0 mg/kg壳寡糖,处理组一:基础日粮+150 mg/kg壳寡糖,处理组二:基础日粮+300 mg/kg壳寡糖,处理组三:低钙日粮+0 mg/kg壳寡糖,处理组四:低钙日粮+300 mg/kg壳寡糖。试验分为前期(1-2l d)和后期(22-42 d)两个阶段。结果表明:1、生长性能300 mg/kg的壳寡糖添加量显著提高了1-42 d的体增重及前期(1-21 d)和全期(1-42 d)的耗料量(P0.05);与对照组相比,基础日粮中150 mg/kg壳寡糖添加量有提高各个阶段耗料量和体增重的趋势但不显著(P0.05);两个壳寡糖添加水平对各个阶段的料肉比均无显著影响(P0.05),但低钙日粮中,300 mg/kg壳寡糖添加组的1-21 d料肉比较处理组三降低了9.812%,有所改善但未达到差异显著水平(P0.05)。2、屠宰性能与对照组相比,基础日粮和低钙日粮中300 mg/kg的壳寡糖添加量显著提高了42 d活体重(P0.05),饲喂肉仔鸡含150 mg/kg壳寡糖的基础日粮,42 d腿肌率显著提高(P0.05)但21 d胸腺重显著降低(P0.05);日粮中添加不同水平的壳寡糖42 d其它屠宰参数均无显著影响(P0.05)。3、血清生化指标基础日粮组和低钙日粮组的总胆固醇(TG)、甘油三酯(CH)、葡萄糖(GLU)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、HDL/LDL和Ca的组间差异均不显著(P0.05)。基础日粮中添加300 mg/kg壳寡糖,21 d的血清P含量较对照组提高了80.876%(P0.05)。4、免疫功能和肠道结构基础日粮中添加150 mg/kg壳寡糖较对照组和处理组二显著降低了21 d肉仔鸡的胸腺重和胸腺指数(P0.05),42 d肉仔鸡的CD4/CD8比值为对照组的2.032倍(P0.05);低钙日粮组,添加300 mg/kg壳寡糖显著提高了21 d肉仔鸡的的胸腺重和十二指肠绒毛高度(P0.05),分别为处理组三的153.026%和184.466%,42 d的脾脏指数和胸腺指数显著降低(P0.05)。5、骨骼参数基础日粮中添加300 mg/kg壳寡糖显著提高了21 d胫骨Ca、42 d胫骨长、42 d股骨干重和42 d股骨长,较对照组分别增加了29.536%(P0.05)、6.079%(P0.05)、29.790%(P0.05)和7.598%(P0.05),基础日粮组的其它骨骼参数组间差异不显著(P0.05)。与处理组三相比,处理组四(300 mg/kg壳寡糖)的21 d胫骨Ca和42 d股骨灰分含量分别降低了33.139%(P0.05)和3.890%(P0.05),但处理组四的42 d胫骨干重、胫骨长度和股骨长度较处理组三显著增加(P0.05)。综合试验结果:基础日粮中添加300 mg/kg壳寡糖取得了最好的促进肉仔鸡的生长和骨骼发育的效果,150 mg/kg壳寡糖添加水平获得了最理想的改善淋巴细胞参数的效果。低钙日粮中添加壳寡糖对1-21 d的效果最好:可以显著提高肉仔鸡生长性能、增加十二指肠绒毛高度、促进骨骼发育,对免疫器官的发育也有一定促进作用。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide on the performance, slaughter performance, immune index and calcium phosphorus deposition of broilers, 150 AA white broilers were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, 6 replicates in each treatment group. Each repeats five chickens. Different levels of calcium and chitosan oligosaccharides were designed as control group: basal diet 0 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide, treatment group 1: basal diet 150 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide, treatment group 2: basal diet 300 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide. Treatment group 3: low calcium diet 0 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide, treatment group 4: low calcium diet 300 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide. The experiment was divided into two stages: Prophase 1-2l d) and late stage 22-42 d). The results showed that the addition of chitosan oligosaccharide for 300 mg/kg of growth performance significantly increased the body weight gain of 1-42 d and the feed consumption of 1-21 d and 1-42 d), compared with the control group. The addition of 150 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide to basal diet had a tendency to increase feed consumption and body weight gain in all stages, but it was not significant (P 0.05), but the two levels of chitosan oligosaccharide had no significant effect on the feed / meat ratio of each stage, but the low calcium diet contained 300 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharides. Compared with the control group, the treatment group (1-21 d) decreased 9.812 2, improved but did not reach the significant level of difference (P0.05 路2), and the slaughter performance was compared with that of the control group. The addition of chitosan oligosaccharide for 300 mg/kg in basal diet and low calcium diet significantly increased the weight of P0.05N in 42nd day, and the muscle rate of leg increased significantly in 42 days of basal diet fed broilers containing 150hs of chitosan oligosaccharide. However, the weight of thymus decreased significantly at 21 days, and the weight of thymus decreased significantly in diet. There was no significant effect on other slaughtering parameters of different levels of chitosan in 42 days. Serum biochemical indexes TGG, TG, GLU, HDLN, LDL-C in basal diet group and low calcium diet group were not significantly affected by adding different levels of oligosaccharide in 42 days. The serum biochemical indexes were high density lipoprotein (HDLN) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). There was no significant difference in HDL / LDL and Ca between LDL and Ca groups (P 0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum P content of the basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide for 21 days was increased by 80.876 and P 0.05. 4. The breast of the broilers fed with 150 mg/kg oligosaccharide added to the basic diet of immune function and intestinal structure was significantly lower than that of the control and treatment groups. The CD4/CD8 ratio of the broilers with gland weight and thymus index at 42 days was 2.032 times that of the control group, and the low calcium diet group. The weight of thymus and the height of duodenum villi were significantly increased by adding 300 mg/kg oligosaccharide to broilers for 21 days. The spleen index and thymus index of treatment group 3 were 153.026% and 184.466d, respectively. The spleen index and thymus index decreased significantly. 300 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide significantly increased the dry weight of femur and femur at 21 d, 42 d, 42 d and 42 d, respectively. Compared with the control group, the contents of P0.05, P0.05 and P0.05 were increased by 29.536 and 7.598, respectively. There was no significant difference in other bone parameters between the basal diet group and the control group (P 0.05). Compared with the third group, the contents of Ca in the tibia of 21 days and the ash content of the femur in the treatment group were decreased by 33.139% and 3.890% respectively, but the tibia dry weight, tibia length and femur length in the treatment group 4 were significantly higher than those in the treatment group (P 0.05). The results showed that the effect of adding 300 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide to the basal diet to promote the growth and bone development of broilers was the best. The 150 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation level had the best effect on improving lymphocyte parameters. The effect of adding chitosan oligosaccharide to low calcium diet for 1-21 days was the best: it could significantly improve the growth performance of broilers, increase the height of duodenum villi, promote bone development, and promote the development of immune organs.
【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5

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