小型割草压扁机压扁装置关键部件设计与试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 10:31

本文选题：割草压扁机 + 压扁间隙调节装置　；参考：《甘肃农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对我国西北地区传统手工收获小地块梯田或山坡地牧草(苜蓿)效率低,易错过最佳收获时期,同时牧草未经压扁调制导致粗蛋白损失严重,制约了农牧民的种植积极性和畜牧业的发展等现实问题,结合牧草收获农艺要求和种植地形,运用AutoCAD、Solidworks等软件,对适合中、小型地块的牧草收获机压扁装置的关键性参数进行研究,并通过试验设计与数据分析得到最优参数组合,研究和设计了一种适合于小型割草压扁机作业使用的压扁装置。主要研究了以下内容:(1)为了达到割草压扁机对压扁装置的农艺要求,提高压扁装置的压扁效果和实用性能,研究设计了一种由“V”型浮动梁、铰接轴组件、前调节螺杆、后调节螺杆、限位滑块和滑槽等组成的新型割草压扁机压扁间隙调节装置,其“V”型双向精量调节,通过螺杆推动“V”型浮动架绕铰接轴转动来调节间隙,并采用回复弹簧实现压扁辊工作与非工作自动复位,提高了压扁辊对牧草的压扁效果和对作业环境的适应能力。(2)结合牧草的生物力学特性和收获农艺要求,研究设计了一种由压扁辊轴、连接钢板、无缝钢管和人字形齿等组成的中空式“人”字齿形压扁辊,其对称式“人”字齿形分布结构增强了牧草的输出力度、喂入性能和压扁均匀性,基本能够满足苜蓿草产品的质量要求。(3)对压扁装置关键部件调用了Solidworks软件中的Simulation有限元分析模块进行仿真分析,分析表明其应力、应变、变形位移、安全系数云图均符合设计要求。(4)为了研究压扁装置关键参数对压扁效果的影响,通过改变影响其作业性能指标的主要参数:压扁辊齿表面材料、喂入量、压扁间隙、回复弹簧初拉力,以茎杆压扁率高及整株碎草损失率(只考虑压扁和铺条工作造成的)小为试验评价指标,结合正交试验研究和数据统计分析,获得了最优方案组合。试验结果表明:对梯田旱地陇东苜蓿(苜蓿茎杆平均直径3.24mm,平均密度416株/m2,平均株高738mm),选取人字形钢齿压扁辊,平均喂入量2.16 Kg/s,压扁间隙3mm,回复弹簧初始拉力1000 N;对水浇地中兰2号(苜蓿茎杆平均直径1.66mm,平均密度525株/m2,平均株高1098mm),选取人字形橡胶辊,喂入量2.16 Kg/s,压扁间隙2.5mm,回复弹簧初始拉力850N。
[Abstract]:In view of the low efficiency of the herbage (alfalfa) in the terraced fields or hillsides in the northwest of China, it is easy to miss the best harvest time. At the same time, the loss of coarse protein is caused by the unflatten modulation of pasture, which restricts the planting enthusiasm of the farmers and herdsmen and the development of animal husbandry. AutoCAD, Solidworks and other software are used to study the key parameters of the grasses harvester suitable for medium and small massif. The optimal parameter combination is obtained through experimental design and data analysis. A kind of flattening device suitable for small minitype lawn mower is studied and designed. The main contents are as follows: (1) In order to meet the agronomic requirements of the flattening machine for the mower and improve the flatting effect and practical performance of the flattening device, a new type of squash clearance adjustment device, which consists of a "V" type floating beam, a hinge shaft assembly, a front adjusting screw, a rear adjusting screw, a limit slide block and a slider, is designed, and its "V" type bi-directional precision is made. Quantity regulation, through the screw push "V" type floating frame around the hinge axis rotation to adjust the clearance, and use the recovery spring to realize the flat roll work and non work automatic reset, improve the flatting roller flatting effect and the adaptability to the working environment. (2) combined with the mechanical properties of pasture and the harvest agronomy requirements, the research and design are designed. A hollow "human" toothed flat roll composed of flat roller shaft, connecting steel plate, seamless steel tube and human shaped tooth, and its symmetrical "human" tooth profile distribution structure strengthens the output of herbage, feeding performance and flatness uniformity, and basically satisfies the quality requirements of alfalfa yield. (3) key components of the flattening device are adjusted. Using the Simulation finite element analysis module in Solidworks software, the simulation analysis shows that the stress, strain, deformation displacement and safety coefficient of the cloud are all in line with the design requirements. (4) in order to study the influence of the key parameters of the flattening device on the flatting effect, by changing the main parameters of the performance index, the surface of the flat roll tooth surface is changed. The material, feeding amount, flattening gap, restoring spring initial pull, the high squash rate and the loss rate of the whole plant (only considering the flattening and paving work) were the test indexes, and the optimal scheme combination was obtained by orthogonal test and data statistics analysis. The test results showed that the alfalfa stem (alfalfa stalk pole leveling) was in the dry land of the terraced field. Average diameter 3.24mm, average density of 416 /m2, average plant height 738mm), select human shaped steel tooth flattened roll, the average feeding amount of 2.16 Kg/s, the flat gap 3mm, the initial pull of the spring 1000 N; to the water land in the orchid 2 (average diameter of alfalfa stem 1.66mm, average density 525 /m2, average plant height 1098mm), select human shaped rubber roll, feed intake 2.16 Kg/s. 2.5mm, the initial pull 850N. of the spring

【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S817.1

【参考文献】