我国牦牛和藏羊主要病毒病血清学调查及微孢子虫巢式PCR检测

发布时间：2018-05-11 00:42

本文选题：牦牛 + 藏羊　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：牦牛和藏羊作为青藏高原的原始畜种,我国是养殖数量最多的国家,对其资源具有垄断优势。牦牛和藏羊的皮毛、肉制品及奶制品都是青藏高原农牧民重要的经济收入来源,是地区经济发展的支柱产业。牛病毒性腹泻、蓝舌病、牛白血病和边界病是牛羊中重要的病毒性疾病,同样可以感染牦牛和藏羊,造成严重的经济损失;毕氏微孢子虫是重要的人畜共患病病原,严重危害着家畜及人的健康。牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus,BVDV)属于黄病毒科、瘟病毒属,主要侵害牛、羊等反刍动物以及猪的一种重要传染病,根据引起不同的临床症状分为牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)和黏膜病(MD)。常引起呼吸综合征、免疫抑制及繁殖障碍等症状,给畜牧业带来了严重的危害。蓝舌病是由蓝舌病病毒(Bluetongue Virus,BTV)引起的一种以昆虫为传播媒介的反刍动物的非接触性传染病,主要引起病畜发热、消瘦、鼻涕、流涎、口鼻和胃黏膜溃疡性炎症,造成较大的经济损失。地方流行性牛白血病是由牛白血病病毒(Bovine Leukemia Virus,BLV)引起的牛的一种以淋巴细胞持续性增生为特征的慢性肿瘤性疾病,病畜感染后表现分为白细胞增多型、持续型淋巴细胞增多型和肿瘤型,并伴有高死亡率,是牛的重要传染病之一。羊边界病是由边界病病毒(Bordsriseaes Virus,BDV)引起的羊的一种先天性慢性传染病,主要引起病畜繁殖障碍、羔羊畸形、生长缓慢,给养羊业造成较大的经济损失。常见的微孢子虫病主要是由毕氏微孢子虫(Enterocytozoon bieneusi)引起的一类能感染几乎所有动物的专性胞内寄生的寄生虫病。微孢子虫能机会感染免疫低下者,加重其病症,甚至会引起致死性腹泻,是重要的人畜共患寄生虫病。本研究的第一部分采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对西北地区的牦牛、藏羊的病毒性腹泻病、蓝舌病,牦牛的牛白血病以及藏羊的边界病进行了血清学调查,并进行了风险因素分析。结果显示:牦牛血清中病毒性腹泻病毒抗体阳性率为37.56%(595/1 584),藏羊的抗体阳性率为36.76%(804/2 187)。经过风险因素分析显示品种和地区考虑为风险因素;牦牛血清中蓝舌病病毒抗体阳性率为13.32%(211/1 584),藏羊的抗体阳性率为20.26%(443/2 187),经过风险因素分析显示品种为风险因素;牦牛血清中牛白血病病毒抗体阳性率为21.09%(334/1 584)。经过风险因素分析显示品种和地区为风险因素。品种差异是上述病毒性传染病的重要的风险因素。藏羊血清中边界病病毒抗体阳性率为18.29%(400/2 187)。在风险因素分析中未确定风险因素。本研究的第二部分采用巢式PCR方法对西北地区牦牛、藏羊的粪便DNA进行了微孢子虫检测。结果显示:牦牛粪便中微孢子虫的阳性率为1.91%(9/471),藏羊粪便中未检到阳性0%(0/496)。经过比对共有4个型,分别为D型(n=2),I型(n=1),BEB4(n=5),及一个新型命名为WCY1(n=1)。本项研究对西北地区牦牛、藏羊的病毒性腹泻病、蓝舌病、牛白血病、边界病以及微孢子虫病的感染状况进行了调查,为疾病的防控提供了重要的基础资料,具有重要的公共卫生学意义。
[Abstract]:Yaks and Tibetan sheep are the original livestock of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. China is the country with the largest number of aquaculture, and has a monopoly advantage for its resources. The fur, meat products and dairy products of yaks and Tibetan sheep are important economic income sources for farmers and herdsmen in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and are the pillar industries of regional economic development. Border disease is an important viral disease of cattle and sheep, which can also infect yaks and Tibetan sheep and cause serious economic loss. The Pichia micro sporozoite is an important pathogen of zoonosis, which seriously endangers the health of domestic animals and people. Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) belongs to the family of the family of the yellow virus, the genus plague virus, and the main infraction. Cattle, sheep and other ruminant animals and an important infectious disease of pigs, according to the causes of different clinical symptoms are divided into bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and mucosal disease (MD). It often causes respiratory syndrome, immunosuppression and reproductive disorders and other symptoms, causing serious harm to the animal husbandry. Bluetongue is caused by the Bluetongue Virus (BTV) virus. A noncontagious disease of ruminants of insects, which mainly causes fever, emaciation, runny nose, saliva, mouth nose and gastric mucosa ulcerative inflammation, causing large economic losses. Endemic bovine leukaemia is a kind of lymphocyte persistence caused by Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV). Chronic neoplastic diseases characterized by hyperplastic disease, the manifestations of infected animals are divided into leukocytosis, persistent type of lymphocytosis and tumor type, with high mortality, which are one of the most important infectious diseases of cattle. Sheep border disease is a congenital chronic infectious disease caused by Bordsriseaes Virus (BDV), which is mainly caused by the disease. The reproductive disorders of the sick animals, the malformation of the lamb, the slow growth, and the greater economic loss of the sheep industry. The common microspore disease is mainly a class of parasitic parasitic diseases that can infect almost all animals by the Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Disease, even causing fatal diarrhea, is an important zoonotic parasitic disease. The first part of this study was conducted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the northwest region of yaks, viral diarrhoea in Tibetan sheep, bluetongue, yak bovine leukaemia and Tibetan sheep border disease, and the risk factors were analyzed. The results showed that the positive rate of viral diarrhea virus antibody in Yak serum was 37.56% (595/1 584), and the positive rate of antibody in Tibetan sheep was 36.76% (804/2 187). The risk factors analysis showed that the varieties and regions were considered as risk factors; the positive rate of bluetongue virus antibody in Yak serum was 13.32% (211/1 584), and the positive rate of Tibetan sheep was 20.26% (44). 3/2 187), the risk factor analysis showed that the variety was the risk factor, the positive rate of bovine leukemic virus antibody in Yak serum was 21.09% (334/1 584). The risk factors analysis showed that the variety and area were risk factors. The variety difference was the important risk factor of the above viral infectious diseases. The rate was 18.29% (400/2 187). The risk factors were not determined in the risk factors analysis. The second part of this study used the nested PCR method to detect microspore in the yak and the fecal DNA of the Tibetan sheep. The results showed that the positive rate of Microspore in the yak feces was 1.91% (9 /471), and the positive 0% (0/496) in the feces of Tibetan sheep (0/496). There were 4 types: D (n=2), I (n=1), BEB4 (n=5), and a new named WCY1 (n=1). This study investigated the infection status of yaks, viral diarrhea, bluetongue, bovine leukaemia, border disease and microsposmosis in yaks and Tibetan sheep in Northwest China, which provided important basic information for the prevention and control of the disease. The importance of public hygiene.

【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S858.23;S858.26

【参考文献】