换料应激和霉变玉米对家禽食欲影响的作用机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 17:06

本文选题：肉仔鸡 + 换料应激　；参考：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为探讨换料应激和自然霉变玉米对肉仔鸡食欲的影响,本研究以活体入手,分别用颗粒饲料直接替换粉料或自然霉变玉米配制饲料,观察家禽的采食行为,同时分析下丘脑和肠道内食欲相关基因表达情况,为深入肉仔鸡的食欲调控机制提供一定的理论依据。首先,本研究通过在21日龄用颗粒料直接替换粉料,建立肉仔鸡换料应激模型,考察换料应激对肉仔鸡采食量的影响。试验一、选择体重相近的1日龄从肉仔鸡80只,分成2个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10只鸡,所有肉仔鸡饲喂粉料到20日龄,21日龄早上8：00一个组继续饲喂粉料(对照组),另一个组用颗粒料代替粉料(换料料组),换料后每隔1h统计一次采食量。试验二、选择体重相近的1日龄AA肉仔鸡200只,分成2个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复25只鸡,所有肉仔鸡饲喂粉料到20日龄,21日龄早上8：00一个组继续饲喂粉料(对照组),另一个组用颗粒料代替粉料(换料组),分别在6h；12h；24h每个处理随机取8只鸡取腺胃,十二指肠,空肠,回肠。试验三、选择体重相近的1日龄AA肉仔鸡400只,分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复25只鸡,试验期0-22日龄,17日龄随机选择一个组开始饮用添加2%谷氨酰胺或天冬氨酸的水,饲喂粉料到20日龄,21日龄早上8：00两个组均换料,换料后每隔两个小时统计一次采食量。试验四、选择体重相近的1日龄AA肉仔鸡480只,随机分成三个组,饲喂粉料到17日龄,18日龄时随机选取其中一组饲喂粉料时表面覆盖30%颗粒料(预处理组),其余两组继续饲喂粉料至20日龄。.21日龄开始正式试验,另外两个饲喂粉料组一个组继续饲喂粉料(对照组),另一个组用颗粒料代替粉料(换料组),换料后每隔2h统计一次采食量,分别在6h；24h每个处理随机取8只鸡采血,并采集下丘脑,腺胃,十二指肠,空肠,回肠。试验主要结果显示,换料应激降低肉仔鸡采食量的调控机制是提高肠道中ghrelin水平,而提前表面覆盖颗粒料可以通过调节下丘脑的食欲因子和降低肠道ghrelin水平来缓解换料应激对肉鸡采食量的影响。其次,本研究通过用100%自然霉变玉米配制饲料代替正常饲料,考察自然霉变玉米对家禽采食量的影响。试验一、选取240只体重相近的1日龄海兰褐蛋公雏,分成两个组,对照组和试验组(霉变玉米组),每个组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡,试验共14天,每天早上8：00统计采食量。生长试验结束后,每个重复选择2只鸡,禁食12h后取血,采集血清,十二指肠,空肠,回肠。试验二、选取240只体重相近的1日龄AA肉仔鸡,分成两个组,对照组和试验组(霉变玉米组),每个组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡,试验共14天,每天早上8：00统计采食量。生长试验结束后,每个重复选择2只鸡,禁食12h后取血,采集血清、下丘脑、肝脏、十二指肠、空肠、回肠。试验主要结果显示,短期饲喂自然霉变玉米对蛋公雏摄食无不良影响,但是影响肉仔鸡肠道发育,从而对肉仔鸡发育有不良影响。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effect of feeding stress and natural mildew corn on the appetite of broilers, this study, starting with the living body, used particle feed directly to replace powder or natural mouldy corn to prepare feed, observed the feeding behavior of poultry, and analyzed the expression of appetite related genes in the hypothalamus and intestines, in order to deepen the appetite regulation mechanism of broilers. To provide a certain theoretical basis. First, by replacing the powder directly with particles at 21 days of age, the stress model of broilers was established, and the effect of stress on the feed intake of broilers was investigated. The broilers were fed at 20 days of age, and at 8:00 in the morning of 21 days, one group continued to feed the powder (control group). The other group used particle material instead of powder material (feeding material group). After the meal, the feed intake was counted every 1H. The test two, the 1 day old AA broilers of similar weight were selected and 200 were divided into 2 treatments, each treated 4 repetitions, each repeated 25 chickens, All broilers were fed powder for 20 days of age, and at 8:00 in the morning of 21 days, one group continued to feed powder (control group), the other group used granule material instead of powder (feeding group), in 6h; 12h; 24h each treatment randomly took 8 chickens for glandular stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Three of the 1 day old AA broilers with similar weight were selected and 4 were divided into 4. Each treatment was treated with 4 repetitions, each repeated 25 chickens, the test period was 0-22 days old and 17 days of age randomly selected a group to start drinking with 2% glutamine or aspartic acid water, feeding powder to 20 days of age and two groups at 8:00 in the morning of 21 days. After feeding, the feed intake was counted every two hours. Four of the experiment was selected, and the body weight was close to the similar weight. 480 AA broilers of 1 days of age were randomly divided into three groups, feeding powder to 17 days of age. At 18 days of age, one group was randomly selected to cover 30% particles (pre treatment group) when feeding powder. The other two groups continued to be fed to the age of 20 days of age to start the formal test, and the other two fed powder groups continued to feed powder (control group). The other group used particle material instead of powder (feeding group). After changing the feed, the feed intake was counted every 2h, and 8 chickens were collected at random in 6h and 24h, and the hypothalamus, glands, stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected. The main results showed that the regulation mechanism of reducing feed intake by feeding stress was to improve the level of ghrelin in the intestinal tract. The effect of advance surface covering particles on the appetite factor of the hypothalamus and the decrease of the ghrelin level of the intestinal tract could be used to alleviate the effect of the feeding stress on the feed intake. Secondly, the effect of natural mildew corn on the feed intake of domestic fowl was investigated by using 100% natural mouldy corn feed instead of normal feed. The 1 day old brown egg male chicks of 1 days of age were divided into two groups, the control group and the test group (mildew corn group), each group was repeated 6 repetitions, each repeated 20 chickens. The test was 14 days. At the end of the test, 2 chickens were selected repeatedly, after fasting 12h, the blood was taken, the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected. Test two, 240 AA broilers of 1 days of age with similar weight were selected, divided into two groups, control group and test group (mildew corn group), each group was 6 repeats, each repeated 20 chickens, the test was 14 days, at 8:00 every morning to count the food intake. After the growth test, each repeated selection of 2 chickens, after fasting 12h, collected blood, collected serum, hypothalamus, liver, ten Two finger intestines, jejunum and ileum. The main results showed that the short term feeding of natural mouldy corn had no adverse effects on the feeding of egg male chicks, but it affected the development of enteron of meat chicks and had adverse effects on the development of broilers.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5

【参考文献】