水、氮控制对荒漠草原土壤中小型动物的影响

发布时间：2018-05-11 20:56

本文选题：荒漠草原 + 水氮调控　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：土壤动物是生态系统中重要的捎费者和特殊的分解者。对环境变化敏感,它们在土壤生态系统中各生物类群或群落组成等的差异,能够反映环境的细微变化,因此,土壤动物可作为研究土壤环境要素的指示指标。荒漠草原是草原向荒漠过度的一类草原,生态系统比较脆弱。全球变化对荒漠草原土壤动物的行为、分布、丰富度、种群大小和种间关系等均产生了不同程度的改变,甚至引起个别物种的灭绝。本文以短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象,进行了控制降雨及氮素添加实验,研究水、氮变化对荒漠草原土壤中、小型动物的种类、数量、多样性的影响,为荒漠草原生态系统对环境变化的适应与响应提供生物学依据。本论文研究结果表明：1.试验样地6～9月份共获得土壤中小型动物9目27科16属,共计44个类群,其中优势类群为等翅目-鼻嚤科、寄螨目-表刻螨科、弹尾目-跳虫科和膜翅目-蚁科,其个体数占总个体数的26.85%；常见类群14类,真螨目最多,共计8科16属,占总种群数的一半以上,约为54.55%,其次为寄螨目、弹尾目和等翅目,共计14科,占总种群数的31.82%,缨翅目、双翅目、半翅目、鞘翅目和膜翅目最少,共占总种群数的13.63%。各群落多度由多到少依次为：真螨目等翅目弹尾目寄螨目膜翅目缨翅目半翅目双翅目鞘翅目。2.施氮有利于荒漠草原土壤中小型动物种类的增加,减雨和增雨均未显著影响6月和7月的土壤中小型动物的种类,而在8月份0-10cm土层中增加较为明显,9月份增雨施氮(WN)处理最大程度的增加了0-10cm土层的土壤中小型动物种类,较对照增加了10种,增幅高达250%。3.荒漠草原土壤中小型动物数量的月份动态为,6-7月增加相对缓慢；7-8月急剧增加；8-9月相对平稳达定值,为53.77个/m2。增雨、施氮、增雨施氮均增加土壤中小型动物数量,尤其在9月份0-10cm土层表现更为明显。4.荒漠草原土壤中小型动物多样性不仅与降雨量,氮肥施用有关,不同的水、氮调控,土壤中小型动物在不同月份的波动性变化并不一致。但增雨施氮能够最大程度的增加土壤中小型动物在8-9月的多样性、均匀度和丰富度；增雨能够极大地增加7月份土壤中小型动物的优势度。5.荒漠草原土壤中小型动物种类、数量及多样性与土壤环境因子间的关系密切,与土壤全N、有机质、含水量呈极显著或显著正相关,有效P含量只显著影响土壤中小型动物的种类和数量,含水量不会显著的改变土壤中小型动物的丰富度。
[Abstract]:Soil animals are important payers and special decomposers in ecosystems. They are sensitive to environmental changes and their differences in the composition of biological groups or communities in the soil ecosystem can reflect the subtle changes of the environment. Therefore soil animals can be used as indicators for the study of soil environmental elements. Desert steppe is a kind of steppe in the transition from steppe to desert, and the ecosystem is relatively fragile. Global changes have changed the behavior, distribution, richness, population size and interspecific relationship of soil animals in desert steppe, and even caused the extinction of individual species. In this paper, the effects of water and nitrogen on the species, quantity and diversity of small animals in desert steppe soil were studied by controlling rainfall and nitrogen addition in the desert steppe of Stipa breviflora. To provide biological basis for adaptation and response of desert steppe ecosystem to environmental change. The results of this paper show that: 1. A total of 44 small and medium-sized soil animals belonging to 16 genera, 27 families and 9 orders were obtained in the experiment site in September. The dominant groups were Isopteroptera, Acaridae, Tripodophyllaceae and Hymenoptera-Formicidae, among which the dominant groups were Isopteridae, Acaridae and Hymenoptera-Formicidae. The number of individuals is 26.85% of the total number of individuals, 14 kinds of common groups and 16 genera of 8 families, accounting for more than half of the total population, accounting for about 54.55% of the total number of individuals, followed by acarids, phyloptera and isoptera, totalling 14 families, accounting for 31.82% of the total population, Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera. Diptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera are the least, accounting for 13.63% of the total population. The order of community abundance from more to less is: Euacariidae, isoptera, projectile tail order, Hymenoptera, Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Coleoptera. 2. Nitrogen application was beneficial to the increase of the species of small and medium-sized animals in desert steppe soil. Rain reduction and rain increase did not significantly affect the species of soil small and medium-sized animals in June and July. However, the increase of 0-10cm soil layer in August was more obvious than that in September. The maximum increase of small and medium-sized animal species in 0-10cm soil layer was increased by 10 species compared with the control, the increase was as high as 250.3. The monthly dynamics of small and medium-sized animals in desert steppe soil is that the number of small and medium-sized animals in the desert steppe increased slowly in June-July and sharply increased in July-August, and reached a steady value of 53.77 / m2 in August and September. Adding rain, applying nitrogen and applying nitrogen increased the number of small and medium-sized animals in soil, especially in the soil layer of 0-10cm in September. The diversity of small and medium-sized animals in desert steppe soil is not only related to rainfall, nitrogen fertilizer application, but also different regulation of water and nitrogen, and the fluctuation of small and medium-sized animals in different months is not consistent. But nitrogen application can increase the diversity, evenness and richness of soil small and medium-sized animals in August and September, and increase rainfall can greatly increase the dominance of small and medium-sized soil animals in July. The species, quantity and diversity of small and medium-sized animals in desert steppe soil were closely related to soil environmental factors, and were significantly or positively correlated with soil total N, organic matter and water content. The content of available P only significantly affected the species and number of soil small and medium-sized animals, but the water content did not significantly change the richness of soil small and medium-sized animals.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S812.2

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