鸽舍空气中颗粒物的组成及其对动物肺部的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 12:37

本文选题：颗粒物(PM) + 鸽舍　；参考：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：空气中的颗粒物(PM)危害人类和动物的健康。目前,颗粒物已经成为大气首要污染物,养殖业已经成为颗粒物的重要污染源。禽舍中颗粒物主要来自干燥的粪便、饲料、动物新陈代谢产生的皮屑、羽毛碎片和外界空气等。针对鸽舍颗粒物的研究尚属少见,本研究以鸽舍颗粒物为研究对象,分析其成分和浓度变化规律等,并研究其对动物健康的危害。研究采用环境扫描电镜观察颗粒物结构,结合X射线能谱分析颗粒物成分和来源。使用光散射颗粒物检测仪测定不同时期鸽舍中不同位置颗粒物的浓度,用Sufrerl1软件绘制鸽舍中颗粒物分布的等值线图,分析颗粒物的分布规律,研究不同粒径颗粒物的数量关系、颗粒物浓度与舍内温湿度的关系、通风对颗粒物的影响,为降低颗粒物浓度提供依据。以清洁级ICR小鼠作为哨兵动物,通过血细胞分析、血清中IL-6和IFN-y水平、肺脏组织切片以及肺部组织IL-6和IFN-γ基因的表达量来评价颗粒物对动物的影响。同时通过组织切片和RT-PCR评价鸽舍颗粒物对乳鸽和亲鸽的影响。主要研究结果如下：(1)鸽舍冬季TSP(总悬浮颗粒物)、PM10和PM2.5的日均浓度分别为9.77 m/m、8.23 mg/m3和5.17 mg/m3;夏季的日均浓度分别为2.60ng/m3、2.01mg/m3和1.43 mg/m,PM2.5浓度超出国家空气质量一级标准的40-147倍。其中C.N.O元素占总质量的90%以上,其重量比约为49：19：25提示主要成分是蛋白质。电镜发现颗粒物中包含羽毛碎屑、皮屑等颗粒。(2)鸽舍颗粒物显著抑制血清中IL-6的表达(P0.05)。(3)鸽舍颗粒物可造成小鼠肺脏严重炎性反应和增生,且呈现出剂量依赖效应。其表现为：肺泡壁增宽和成纤维细胞增生,可见含屯颗粒物的巨噬细胞,细支气管上皮细胞脱落,细支气管粘膜下淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞浸润。鸽肺部也发生了类似的病理变化,且长期暴露于颗粒物中的亲鸽支气管上皮细胞将发生化生。(4)暴露于不同浓度鸽舍颗粒物中小鼠肺组织中IL-6和1FN-γ基因的表达量均有所增加,但是高浓度组IL-6基因表达量增加不显著(P0.05),且高浓度组在数值上低于低浓度组。(5)在感染早期高浓度鸽舍颗粒物使得乳鸽肺中的1L-6和IFN-γ基因的表达量显著高于低浓度组(P0.05),后期高浓度的颗粒物则会抑制肺部上述基因的表达,因此,亲鸽肺中低浓度组IL-6的表达量显著高于高浓度组(P0.05)。(6)鸽舍颗粒物对鸽肺部1L-6和IFN-γ基因的表达的影响无性别和年龄差异(P0.05)。综上,鸽舍中的颗粒物主要来自鸽本身,浓度远高于大气中,会对动物健康造成危害。
[Abstract]:Particulate matter in the air is harmful to human and animal health. At present, particulate matter has become the primary pollutant in the atmosphere, and aquaculture industry has become an important pollution source of particulate matter. Particles in the house come mainly from dry faeces, fodder, animal metabolic dander, feather debris and outside air. It is rare to study the particulate matter of the dove house. In this study, the composition and concentration of the particulate matter of the dove house were analyzed, and its harm to animal health was studied. The structure of particulate matter was observed by environmental scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the composition and source of particulate matter were analyzed by means of X ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Using the light scattering particle detector to measure the concentration of particles in different positions in different periods of time, using Sufrerl1 software to draw the isoline map of the distribution of particles in doves, to analyze the distribution law of particles, and to study the relationship between the quantity of particles with different sizes. The relationship between particle concentration and indoor temperature and humidity, and the effect of ventilation on particulate matter provide basis for reducing particle concentration. The effects of particulate matter on ICR mice were evaluated by blood cell analysis, serum IL-6 and IFN-y levels, lung tissue sections and the expression of IL-6 and IFN- 纬 genes in lung tissue. At the same time, the effects of particle on pigeon and pigeon were evaluated by tissue section and RT-PCR. The main results are as follows: in winter, the average daily concentrations of TSP (total suspended particulate matter) PM10 and PM2.5 were 9.77 mg/m3 and 5.17 mg / m3.The average daily concentrations in summer were 2.60 ng / m3 and 1.43 mg / mPM2.5, respectively, which were 40-147 times higher than the national air quality standards. C.N.O elements account for more than 90% of the total mass, and its weight ratio is about 49:19:25 indicating that the main component is protein. It was found by electron microscope that particles including feather debris, dander and other particles significantly inhibited the expression of IL-6 in serum (P0.05). 3) particles in pigeons could cause severe inflammatory reaction and proliferation in the lungs of mice, and showed a dose-dependent effect. The results showed that the alveolar wall widened and fibroblasts proliferated, macrophages containing particles, epithelial cells of bronchioles, submucous lymphocytes of bronchioles and macrophages infiltrated. Similar pathological changes occurred in pigeon lungs, and the expression of IL-6 and 1FN- 纬 genes increased in the lung tissues of mice exposed to particulate matter for a long time. However, the increase of IL-6 gene expression in high concentration group was not significant (P 0.05), and the expression of 1L-6 and IFN- 纬 gene in pigeon lung was significantly higher in high concentration group than that in low concentration group (P 0.05), and the expression of 1L-6 and IFN- 纬 gene in pigeon lung was significantly higher than that in low concentration group. In the later stage, high concentrations of particulate matter inhibited the expression of these genes in the lungs. Therefore, the expression of IL-6 in the lung of pigeon in low concentration group was significantly higher than that in the high concentration group (P 0.05). The effect of particle on the expression of 1L-6 and IFN- 纬 gene in pigeon lung had no difference in sex and age (P 0.05). In conclusion, the particles in the doves mainly come from pigeons themselves, and the concentrations are much higher than those in the atmosphere, which will cause harm to animal health.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S836

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