过瘤胃赖氨酸、蛋氨酸对荷斯坦奶公牛生长性能和胴体品质影响的研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 02:35

本文选题：过瘤胃蛋氨酸 + 过瘤胃赖氨酸　；参考：《黑龙江八一农垦大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究通过在荷斯坦奶公牛日粮中添加不同水平的过瘤胃赖氨酸（RPLys）、蛋氨酸（RPMet），研究其对奶公牛生长性能和胴体品质的影响。试验采用单因素随机设计，选择13月龄左右、体重和体尺相近、健康的荷斯坦奶公牛25头，平均分为5组，每组5头。其中1组为对照组饲喂基础日粮，另外3组分别在基础日粮中分别添加RPMet15g/d、RPLys30g/d、RPMet15g+RPLys30g/d。第5组在低蛋白日粮中添加RPMet15g+RPLys30g/d，用“RPLys+RPMet(L)”代表。试验预试期10天，，试验期为150天。试验结果表明：（1）各试验组奶公牛体重、日增重、料重比显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。其中，RPLys+RPMet组和RPLys+RPMet(L)组的末重和料重比显著高于对照组、RPLys组和RPMet组（P＜0.05），但二者之间差异并不显著（P＞0.05）。（2）过瘤胃蛋氨酸、赖氨酸对荷斯坦奶公牛胸围有显著影响（P＜0.05），对体高、体斜长则无显著影响（P＞0.05）。而RPLys+RPMet(L)组、RPLys+RPMet组的胸围显著高于对照组（P＜0.05），分别增长了9.16cm和9.14cm。（3）过瘤胃蛋氨酸、赖氨酸对荷斯坦奶公牛的净肉重、净肉率、胴体产肉率和肉骨比均有显著影响（P＜0.05），RPLys组、RPLys+RPMet(L)组与RPLys+RPMet组净肉重显著高于RPMet组与对照组（P＜0.05）。RPLys组屠宰率最高，为47.70%，显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。对照组肉骨比最低，与RPMet组差异不显著（P＞0.05），显著低于其余3组（P＜0.05）。而3组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。（4）过瘤胃蛋氨酸、赖氨酸对荷斯坦奶公牛眼肌面积、剪切力、熟肉率、大理石花纹、pH值和肉色均无显著影响（P＞0.05）。（5）过瘤胃蛋氨酸、赖氨酸对荷斯坦奶公牛肌肉粗蛋白含量有显著影响（P＜0.05）。RPLys+RPMet组和RPLys+RPMet(L)组肌肉中粗蛋白含量最高，显著高于RPMet组、RPLys组和对照组（P＜0.05），但二者间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。（6）过瘤胃蛋氨酸、赖氨酸对荷斯坦奶公牛肉中苏氨酸、亮氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、酪氨酸、脯氨酸的含量有显著影响（P＜0.05），对总氨基酸含量也有显著影响（P＜0.05）。必须氨基酸中RPLys+RPMet组和RPLys+RPMet(L)组的苏氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸显著高于其余组（P＜0.05），RPLys+RPMet组异亮氨酸显著高于其余组（P＜0.05）。RPLys+RPMet组和RPLys+RPMet(L)组的天冬氨酸、甘氨酸和谷氨酸均显著高于其余各组（P＜0.05）。除此之外，其余非必须氨基酸除酪氨酸外，RPLys+RPMet组和RPLys+RPMet(L)组也显著高于其余各组（P＜0.05）。RPLys+RPMet组和RPMet组酪氨酸含量显著高于其余各组（P＞0.05）。氨基酸总含量，RPLys+RPMet组和RPLys+RPMet(L)组显著高于其余各组（P＜0.05）（7）过瘤胃蛋氨酸、赖氨酸对荷斯坦奶公牛肉脂肪酸成分均无显著影响（P＞0.05）。（8）普通日粮日投入成本为11.55元，在普通日粮中添加RPLys+RPMet组日投入成本为14.25元，而在低蛋白日粮中添加RPLys+RPMet日投入成本为12.97元，比RPLys+RPMet组降低了1.28元。以当时肉牛市场价16元/kg计算，对照组RPLys+RPMet组和RPLys+RPMet(L)组的养殖效益分别为5.09、7.35和7.67元/日·头。RPLys+RPMet组和RPLys+RPMet(L)组养殖效益均高于对照组，而RPLys+RPMet(L)组养殖效益则高于RPLys+RPMet组，高出0.32元/日·头。以上试验结果表明，在荷斯坦奶公牛日粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸、赖氨酸可有效提高其生长性能和屠宰指标，改善其牛肉氨基酸成分，但对牛肉品质和脂肪酸含量无显著影响。本试验证明，在荷斯坦奶公牛日粮中同时添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸、赖氨酸能够提高奶公牛生长性能和胴体品质，且效果好于单独添加过瘤胃赖氨酸或过瘤胃蛋氨酸，并能在一定程度上替代传统蛋白质饲料，降低饲养成本，提高经济效益。
[Abstract]:In this study, the effects of RPLys and methionine (RPMet) on the growth performance and carcass quality of Holstein dairy cattle were studied by adding different levels of rumen lysine (RPLys) and methionine (methionine).
The single factor random design was used to choose about 13 month old, and the weight and body scale were similar. The healthy Holstein milk bull 25 heads were divided into 5 groups, with 5 heads in each group. Among the 1 groups, the basal diet was fed, and the other 3 groups added RPMet15g/d, RPLys30g/d and RPMet15g+RPLys30g/d. fifth to the low protein diet respectively in the basal diet. Plus RPMet15g+RPLys30g/d, with the "RPLys+RPMet (L)" representative. The test period was 10 days and the test period was 150 days. The test results showed that: (1) the weight of milk bulls, daily weight gain and material weight ratio of each test group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The end weight and material weight ratio of RPLys+RPMet group and RPLys+RPMet (L) group were significantly higher than those of the control group, RPLys and RPMet groups. (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two (2) (2) rumen methionine, lysine had a significant effect on the chest circumference of Holstein milk bulls (P < 0.05), and there was no significant effect on body height and body length (P > 0.05). In group RPLys+RPMet (L), the chest circumference of the RPLys+RPMet group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and increased 9.16cm and 9.14cm. (3), respectively. On rumen methionine, lysine had significant effect on the net meat weight, net meat rate, carcass meat yield and bone ratio in Holstein milk bulls (P < 0.05). Group RPLys, RPLys+RPMet (L) and RPLys+RPMet group were significantly higher than those in the RPMet group and the control group (P < 0.05) with the highest slaughter rate of 47.70%, which was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). The control group was significantly higher than the control group. The meat bone ratio was the lowest (P > 0.05), significantly lower than the other 3 groups (P < 0.05). The difference between the 3 groups was not significant (P > 0.05). (4) over rumen methionine, lysine had no significant influence on the area, shear force, cooked meat rate, marble pattern, pH value and meat color of Holstein milk bulls (P > 0.05). (5) rumen methionine and lysine The content of crude protein in the muscle of Holstein milk bulls was significantly affected (P < 0.05).RPLys+RPMet and RPLys+RPMet (L) group was the highest protein content, significantly higher than the RPMet group, RPLys group and control group (P < 0.05), but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P > 0.05). (6) rumen methionine, lysine to Holstein milk male beef threonine, bright ammonia Acid, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, cystine, tyrosine, proline content have significant influence (P < 0.05), and also have significant influence on total amino acid content (P < 0.05). The content of threonine, leucine and arginine in group RPLys+RPMet and RPLys+RPMet (L) of amino acids is significantly higher than that of the other groups (P < 0.05), RPLys+RPMet Group isoleucine was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05).RPLys+RPMet and RPLys+RPMet (L) group of aspartic acid, and glycine and glutamic acid were significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the other non essential amino acids except tyrosine, RPLys+RPMet and RPLys+RPMet (L) groups were also significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05).RPLys+RPMet group and R. The content of tyrosine in PMet group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P > 0.05). The total content of amino acids, RPLys+RPMet group and RPLys+RPMet (L) group were significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05) (7) over rumen methionine. Lysine had no significant effect on the fatty acid composition of Holstein milk male beef (P > 0.05). (8) the cost of daily diet day was 11.55 yuan, in ordinary day. The daily input cost of RPLys+RPMet group was 14.25 yuan, while the input cost of adding RPLys+RPMet in low protein diet was 12.97 yuan, which was 1.28 yuan lower than that of the RPLys+RPMet group. It was calculated by 16 yuan /kg for the market price of beef cattle at that time, and the breeding benefits of the RPLys+RPMet group and RPLys+RPMet (L) group in the control group were 5.09,7.35 and 7.67 yuan / day. The ET group and the RPLys+RPMet (L) group had higher breeding benefit than the control group, while the RPLys+RPMet (L) group had higher breeding benefit than the RPLys+RPMet group, which was 0.32 yuan / day higher than the control group.
The results showed that rine methionine was added to the Holstein dairy cattle diet. Lysine could effectively improve the growth performance and slaughter index, improve the amino acid composition of beef, but had no significant effect on the beef quality and fatty acid content. Ammonia acid can improve the growth performance and carcass quality of milk bulls, and the effect is better than the addition of rumen lysine or rumen methionine alone, and can replace the traditional protein feed to a certain extent, reduce the feeding cost and improve the economic benefit.

【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823.5

【参考文献】