水牛mtDNA Cytb基因遗传多样性与全基因组遗传变异研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 16:41

本文选题：水牛 + Cytb基因　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：家养水牛是一种重要的家畜遗传资源,根据染色体核型、表型、习性和生产性能将家养水牛分为江河型水牛(River buffalo,2n=50)和沼泽型水牛(Swamp buffalo,2n=48)两大类。本研究通过分析老挝、泰国、印度、越南四个国家265头水牛及从GenBank下载1288条水牛mtDNA Cytb基因全序列,探讨水牛的遗传多样性与母系起源。本研究还对2个中国水牛品种(兴隆水牛和江汉水牛各1个个体)进行全基因组测序,分析其基因组上的遗传变异,为水牛遗传多样性研究和品种改良提供基因组水平的基础资料。本研究主要获得以下新的结果:(1)在老挝、泰国、印度、越南4个国家的水牛群体中,老挝水牛的遗传多样性最高,泰国水牛的遗传多样性最低;(2)水牛mt DNA Cytb基因存在AGA与AGG两种终止密码子,AGG只存在于沼泽型水牛B支系中,推测沼泽型水牛B支系很可能来源于野水牛;(3)发现15个Cytb基因SNPs可以将沼泽型水牛与江河型水牛区分开;(4)沼泽型水牛A支系经历过强烈的群体扩张,中国西南-东南亚交界地区可能是沼泽型水牛A支系的主要驯化地之一;(5)在大部分染色体,兴隆水牛全基因组的Indels和SNPs数量均多于江汉水牛;(6)推测兴隆水牛为沼泽型水牛,江汉水牛可能为江河型水牛公牛与沼泽型水牛的杂交后代。
[Abstract]:Domestic buffalo is an important domestic animal genetic resource. According to chromosome karyotype, phenotype, habit and productive performance, domestic buffalo is divided into river buffalo (River buffaloo) and swamp water buffalo (Swamp buffalon). In this study, the genetic diversity and maternal origin of 1288 buffaloes from four countries, Laos, Thailand, India and Vietnam, were analyzed and 1288 buffalo mtDNA Cytb genes were downloaded from GenBank. Two Chinese buffalo breeds (one individual from Xinglong Buffalo and one individual from Jianghan Buffalo) were sequenced and their genetic variation was analyzed. To provide basic information on genome level for the study of genetic diversity and variety improvement of buffalo. In this study, the following new results were obtained: (1) among the buffalo populations in Laos, Thailand, India and Vietnam, the genetic diversity of the Lao buffalo was the highest. The genetic diversity of Thai buffalo was the lowest. (2) the mt DNA Cytb gene of water buffalo had two stop codon, AGA and AGG, which only existed in the B branch of swamp buffalo. It is inferred that the B branch of the swamp buffalo probably originated from the wild buffalo, and found that 15 Cytb gene SNPs could distinguish the swamp type buffalo from the river type water buffalo (4) the swamp water buffalo A branch had experienced a strong population expansion. The border area between southwest China and Southeast Asia is probably one of the main domestication sites of branch A of swamp buffalo. In most chromosomes, Xinglong buffalo has more Indels and SNPs than Jianghan water buffalo, so it is assumed that Xinglong buffalo is a swamp water buffalo. Jianghan buffalo may be the cross progeny of river buffalo and swamp buffalo.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S823.83

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