混菌发酵棉籽粕工艺参数研究及在肉鸭生产中的应用

发布时间：2018-05-16 15:03

本文选题：固态发酵 + 棉籽粕　；参考：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本实验选用酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌三种菌混合固态发酵棉籽粕,探索发酵降解棉籽粕中游离棉酚(FG)的最优条件组合。用最优条件组合情况下发酵的棉籽粕分别按照0%(对照组)、50%(B组)、75%(C组)、100%(D组)的比例替代豆粕饲喂奥白星肉鸭,同时设定用普通棉籽粕100%替代豆粕组(A组),探索肉鸭对该发酵棉籽粕的营养物质利用率以及发酵棉籽粕对肉鸭生长性能、血清生化指标、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和肠道绒隐比的影响,综合评价该发酵棉籽粕对肉鸭的饲喂效果。研究结果如下:实验一:混菌固态发酵棉籽粕工艺参数的研究最佳接种时间的确定:通过独立培养酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌,绘制生长曲线。根据生长曲线看出,三个菌种均在22h至24h达到最大吸光度,表明菌种活性达到最强,因此选择培养22h作为扩大培养转接阶段的最优时间。最佳菌种接种比例的确定:按照正交表L_9(3~4)设置三因素四水平的正交试验,将三菌种以10%的接种量接种入料水比1:0.8(w/v)的棉籽粕,控制温度32℃,PH6.5,发酵3天。结果表明,当酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌接种比例为3:3:2时,游离棉酚的降解率达到最高,为83.9%。最佳发酵温度、PH、料水比和发酵时间组合的确定:按照正交表L16(45)设置四因素五水平的正交试验,将酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌以3:3:2的接种比例接种10%,在不同发酵温度、PH、料水比和发酵时间情况下发酵棉籽粕。结果表明,当温度为34℃,pH为6.5,料水比为1:0.8时,发酵5天取得最佳实验结果,游离棉酚降解率达到87.6%。发酵产品的营养价值评价:发酵后,粗蛋白含量提高24.55%,钙含量提高15.00%,磷含量提高22.30%;粗脂肪、粗纤维和粗灰分含量有不同程度降低;各种氨基酸含量均有增加,蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸等动物机体必需氨基酸分别提高了13.95%、16.13%、10.14%,酪氨酸提高了19.69%,精氨酸提高了14.25%。发酵产生了蛋白酶、淀粉酶,活菌数达到16.5×10~8cfu/g。发酵在有效去除抗营养因子的同时改善了棉籽粕的营养品质。实验二:发酵棉籽粕在肉鸭中的饲喂效果研究发酵棉籽粕对肉鸭营养物质利用率的影响:与对照组比较,肉鸭生长前期(3~21d)和后期(22~42d),A组干物质、粗蛋白、有机物的利用率均有下降,B、C、D组各营养物质利用率均有提高。C组各营养物质利用率均有显著提高(P0.05),肉鸭生长前期,各营养物质利用率分别提高8.89%、12.28%、10.63%,肉鸭生长后期,各营养物质利用率分别提高9.56%、12.82%、8.70%。发酵棉籽粕对肉鸭生长性能的影响:与对照组比较,肉鸭生长前期(3~21d)、后期(22~42d)和全期(3~42d),A组料肉比均显著升高(P0.05),B、C、D组料肉比有下降的趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05)。肉鸭生长全期(3~42d),C组料肉比显著下降(P0.05),由2.61降至2.57。发酵棉粕对肉鸭血液生化指标的影响:与对照组比较,B、C、D组T-CHO、TG、HDL-C、GLU、TP均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05)。LDL-C、BUN均有下降的趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05)。说明发酵棉籽粕对肉鸭血液生化指标无显著影响。发酵棉粕对肉鸭屠宰性能的影响:与对照组比较,B、C、D组屠宰率、胸肌率、腿肌率均有提高的趋势,其中屠宰率和腿肌率差异不显著(P0.05),D组胸肌率显著提高(P0.05)。与对照组比较,B、C、D组全净膛率、半净膛率、腹脂率均无显著提高或降低。说明发酵棉籽粕对肉鸭屠宰性能无负面影响。发酵棉籽粕对肉鸭免疫器官指数的影响:与对照组比较,21日龄肉鸭和42日龄肉鸭B、C、D组免疫器官指数均有升高的趋势,其中C组效果最好,21日龄肉鸭脾脏和胸腺指数显著提高(P0.05),42日龄肉鸭脾脏指数显著提高(P0.05)。发酵棉籽粕对肉鸭小肠绒隐比的影响:与对照组比较,21日龄肉鸭和42日龄肉鸭B、C、D组小肠绒隐比均有升高的趋势,其中C组效果最好,十二指肠和空肠绒隐比均显著提高(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus short spore three strains mixed solid state fermentation of cottonseed meal to explore the optimal combination of free gossypol (FG) in cottonseed meal, and the proportion of fermented cottonseed meal under optimal conditions was 0% (control group), 50% (B group), 75% (C group), and 100% (D group) instead of soybean meal feeding. The use of ordinary cottonseed meal 100% instead of soybean meal group (group A) was set up to explore the nutrient utilization ratio of meat duck to the fermented cottonseed meal and the effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance, serum biochemical index, slaughter performance, immune organ index and intestinal cashmere ratio, and the feeding of the fermented cottonseed meal to meat ducks was evaluated. The results were as follows: Experiment 1: the optimum inoculation time was determined by the process parameters of the solid state fermentation of cottonseed meal. The growth curves were drawn by independent culture of yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus subtilis. According to the growth curve, the maximum absorbency of the three strains were reached from 22h to 24h, indicating that the bacterial activity reached the highest. As a result, 22h was chosen as the best time to expand the transition stage. Optimum inoculation ratio was determined: orthogonal test of three factors and four levels was set up according to the orthogonal table L_9 (3~4), and the inoculation amount of three strains was inoculated into the cottonseed meal of feed water than 1:0.8 (w/v), and the temperature was 32, PH6.5, and 3 days. The results showed that the yeast was a yeast. When the inoculation ratio of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus subtilis was 3:3:2, the degradation rate of free gossypol reached the highest, which was the optimum fermentation temperature of 83.9%., PH, the ratio of material to water and the combination of fermentation time. The orthogonal experiment was set up by the orthogonal table L16 (45) to set the four factors and five levels, and the inoculation of yeast, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp. with 3:3:2 Cotton seed meal was fermented with 10% inoculation, at different fermentation temperatures, PH, feed water ratio and fermentation time. The results showed that when the temperature was 34, pH was 6.5, and the ratio of feed to water was 1:0.8, the optimum experimental results were obtained in 5 days. The free gossypol degradation rate reached the value of the camping value of the 87.6%. fermented product: after fermentation, the crude protein content was increased by 24.55%, calcium content was 24.55%. The amount of phosphorus increased by 15%, the content of phosphorus increased by 22.30%, the content of crude fat, crude fiber and crude ash decreased in varying degrees, the content of various amino acids increased, the essential amino acids of methionine, lysine and phenylalanine were increased by 13.95%, 16.13%, 10.14%, and tyrosine increased by 19.69%, and arginine increased 14.25%. fermentation to produce eggs. White enzyme, amylase, living bacteria number reached 16.5 x 10~8cfu/g. fermentation to effectively remove the anti nutrient factors and improve the nutritional quality of cottonseed meal. Experiment two: the effect of fermented cottonseed meal in meat duck study on the effect of fermented cottonseed meal on the utilization rate of meat duck nutrition: compared with that in the group, the early stage (3~21d) and the later stage (22~42 D), the utilization ratio of dry matter, crude protein and organic matter in group A decreased, and the utilization ratio of each nutrient substance in group.C and B, C and D increased significantly (P0.05). The utilization rate of nutrient substances increased by 8.89%, 12.28%, 10.63% respectively in the early stage of growth of meat ducks, and the utilization rate of nutrients in meat ducks increased by 9.56%, 12. respectively. 82%, the effect of 8.70%. fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance of meat duck: compared with the control group, the growth stage of meat ducks (3~21d), the later (22~42d) and the whole period (3~42d), the ratio of meat to meat in A group increased significantly (P0.05), B, C, D group meat ratio decreased, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). The effect of 2.57. fermented cotton meal on the blood biochemical indexes of meat duck: compared with the control group, B, C, D group, T-CHO, TG, HDL-C, GLU, TP all increased, but the difference was not significant (P0.05).LDL-C, the difference was not significant. It showed that the fermented cottonseed meal had no significant effect on the blood biochemical indexes of meat ducks. The effect of slaughter performance: compared with the control group, the slaughter rate, the chest muscle rate and the leg muscle rate in the B, C and D groups were improved, and the slaughter rate and the leg muscle rate were not significantly different (P0.05), and the chest muscle rate of the D group was significantly increased (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the total net chamber rate, the half net chamber rate and the abdominal fat rate of the B, C, and D groups were not significantly improved or decreased. The effect of duck slaughter performance was not negative. The effect of fermented cottonseed meal on the immune organ index of meat ducks: compared with the control group, the immune organ index of B, C and D groups of 21 day old and 42 day old ducks increased, among which the C group had the best effect, the spleen and thymus index of 21 day old ducks increased significantly (P0.05), and the spleen index of 42 day old ducks increased significantly (P 0.05) the effect of fermented cottonseed meal on the hidden ratio of small intestinal cashmere in meat duck: compared with the control group, the hidden ratio of small intestinal cashmere in B, C and D groups of 21 day old ducks and 42 days old meat ducks increased, and the effect of group C was best, and the saphenous ratio of duodenum and jejunum increased significantly (P0.05).

【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S834.5

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