枯草芽孢杆菌发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、免疫性能和肉品质的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 03:13

本文选题：枯草芽孢杆菌 + 发酵棉籽粕　；参考：《石河子大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:本论文通过枯草芽孢杆菌发酵棉籽粕,对其发酵后的产物进行抗营养因子检测和营养价值评定;将棉籽粕通过枯草芽孢杆菌发酵后添加到黄羽肉鸡饲粮中,以此研究枯草芽孢杆菌发酵棉籽粕对黄羽肉鸡的生产性能、消化代谢率、血液生化指标、免疫指标、免疫器官指数以及肉品质产生的影响,为加速我国丰富的棉籽粕资源的有效开发利用、黄羽肉鸡的健康生产等提供参考依据。方法:本论文由四个试验组成。试验一:用枯草芽孢杆菌对高压灭菌后的棉籽粕底物进行发酵,以未高压和高压的未发酵棉籽粕底物作为对照,从发酵棉籽粕的棉酚含量、常规营养物质变化、游离小肽及游离氨基酸的含量对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵棉籽粕进行营养特性评定;试验二:试验选取120羽1日龄的黄羽肉鸡,将其随机分为4组,即Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡,在其日粮中分别添加0%、2%、5%、8%的枯草芽孢杆菌发酵棉籽粕,研究饲粮粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、磷的表观代谢率以及黄羽肉鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重和饲料报酬;试验三:在饲喂结束后,即64日龄时进行屠宰性能测定,并研究发酵棉籽粕对肉鸡肉品质的影响。试验四:在饲喂试验的不同阶段(7-14,15-28,29-42,43-64日龄),采集黄羽肉鸡的血浆,研究添加不同剂量的发酵产物对黄羽肉鸡血液生化指标和免疫球蛋白的影响;在屠宰试验过程中测定肉鸡的免疫器官指数。结果:试验一:发酵后棉酚含量与未高压和高压处理的未发酵棉籽粕相比分别显著降低了88.84%、74.77%(P0.05),蛋白质含量显著提高了14.37%和13.79%(P0.05),分子量小于600Da、600-1000Da、1000-1800Da小肽分别由发酵前的4.00%、0.42%、0.058%提高到了发酵后的12.40%、1.45%、1.74%,15种必需氨基酸在棉籽粕中的含量均有不同程度的提高,此中必需氨基酸苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸分别提高了8.45%、6.25%、24.13%、3.52%、12.31%、9.52%;试验二:Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组相比,粗蛋白、钙、磷的表观代谢率明显升高(P0.05),且Ⅳ组代谢率最高,粗脂肪的代谢率显著降低(P0.05);与Ⅰ组相比,试验组黄羽肉鸡的日增重和饲料报酬显著提高(P0.05),且Ⅲ组日增重和Ⅳ组饲料报酬最高。试验三:Ⅳ组黄羽肉鸡屠宰率最高,达到93.62%,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组相比,屠宰率分别显著提高了4.98%、4.81%和6.11%(P0.05);较Ⅰ组而言,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组黄羽肉鸡的半净膛率分别显著提高了1.93%、2.82%、3.51%(P0.05),全净膛率分别显著提高了4.38%、6.98%和5.87%(P0.05),胸肌率分别显著提高了6.98%、13.69%、15.01%(P0.05),腿肌率分别显著提高了7.73%、14.29%、10.02%(P0.05)。在肉品质方面,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肌肉p H45min分别显著提高了5.68%、8.09%、11.02%(P0.05),肌肉失水率分别降低3.07%、2.32%、6.69%,但Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组相比,失水率差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组相比,差异显著(P0.05);与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组滴水损失分别降低3.76%、30.08%、34.21%,剪切力分别降低11.97%、7.75%、20.42%,胸肌脂肪含量分别提高了2.96%(P0.05)、5.52%(P0.05)、11.83%(P0.05),腿肌脂肪含量分别显著提高了2.95%、3.23%、6.04%(P0.05)。试验四:5%FCM添加量对肉鸡血液生化指标的影响最为明显。较对照组,5%FCM组在1-14,15-28,29-42,43-64日龄总蛋白含量分别显著提高了45.26%,57.12%,30.17%,28.31%(P0.05);白蛋白含量分别显著提高了27.72%,18.07%,19.22%,19.95%(P0.05);血清中Ca含量分别显著提高了10.00%,26.43%,27.91%,48.77%(P0.05);血清中P含量分别显著提高了31.01%,28.92%,27.91%,28.24%(P0.05);总胆固醇的含量分别显著降低了3.96%,9.81%,14.95%,15.59%(P0.05);甘油三酯的含量分别显著降低了15.57%,22.47%,23.08%,23.53%(P0.05);与对照组相比,在7-14日龄,Ig A、Ig G、Ig M的含量分别显著降低了4.74%,2.38%,3.74%(P0.05);在15-28,29-42,43-64日龄Ig A的含量分别显著升高了24.62%,24.62%,21.55%(P0.05);Ig M含量在29-42,43-64日龄时显著提高了25.57%,25.59%;与对照组相比,脾脏指数和法氏囊指数分别显著提高了37.14%和69.39%(P0.05)。结论:(1)使用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵棉籽粕能显著提高棉籽粕的营养价值;(2)日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌发酵棉籽粕显著提高饲料的代谢利用率,促进黄羽肉鸡生长;(3)日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌发酵棉籽粕显著提高了黄羽肉鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腿肌率以及胸肌率,并在一定程度上改善了黄羽肉鸡的肌肉品质。(4)枯草芽孢杆菌发酵棉籽粕能显著改善黄羽肉鸡的血液生化指标和免疫指标,且添加5%的发酵棉籽粕在提高黄羽肉鸡血液总蛋白、白蛋白、Ig A、Ig G、Ig M、Ca、P、法氏囊指数、脾脏指数方面都优于添加量为2%和8%发酵棉籽粕组,并且添加5%的发酵棉籽粕在降低黄羽肉鸡胆固醇含量和甘油三酯含量方面均优于其他组。
[Abstract]:Objective: to ferment the cottonseed meal with Bacillus subtilis to test the nutritional factors and evaluate the nutritional value of the fermented products after fermentation, and to add the cottonseed meal to Huang Yu broiler by Bacillus subtilis to study the production performance, digestion and metabolism rate of the cottonseed dregs fermented by Bacillus subtilis. The blood biochemical index, immune index, immune organ index and the effect of meat quality provide a reference for accelerating the effective utilization of the rich cottonseed meal resources in China and the healthy production of Huang Yu broilers. Methods: This paper is composed of four experiments. The nutritive properties of the cottonseed meal fermented by Bacillus subtilis were evaluated from the content of gossypol, conventional nutrient, free peptide and free amino acid in the fermented cottonseed meal, and test two: 120 Huang Yu broilers of 1 days of age were tested and randomly divided into two groups. The 4 groups, i. e. group I, group II, group III and group IV, 3 repetitions in each group, each repeat 10 chickens, adding 0%, 2%, 5% and 8% Bacillus subtilis in their diets, respectively, to study the apparent metabolic rate of coarse protein, crude fat, calcium and phosphorus, the average daily feed intake of yellow feathered broilers, average daily gain and feed reward; test three: feed knot three. After 64 days of age, the slaughter performance was measured and the effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the quality of meat and chicken were studied. Experiment four: the plasma of Huang Yu broilers were collected at different stages of feeding test (7-14,15-28,29-42,43-64 days of age), and the effects of different doses of fermenting products on blood biochemical indexes and immunoglobulin of Huang Yu broilers were studied. In the process of slaughter test, the immune organ index of broilers was measured. Test 1: after fermentation, the content of gossypol was significantly reduced by 88.84%, 74.77% (P0.05), and the protein content was significantly increased by 14.37% and 13.79% (P0.05), and the molecular weight was less than 600Da, 600-1000Da, 1000-1800Da small peptide. Not by 4%, 0.42%, 0.058% before fermentation to 12.40%, 1.45%, 1.74% and 15 essential amino acids in the cottonseed meal. The essential amino acids, threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and lysine were increased by 8.45%, 6.25%, 24.13%, 3.52%, 12.31%, 9.52%, and 9.52%; experimental two The apparent metabolic rate of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus in group II, III and IV was significantly higher than that in group I (P0.05), and the metabolic rate of group IV was the highest, and the metabolic rate of crude fat decreased significantly (P0.05). Compared with group I, the daily weight gain and feed reward of Huang Yu broilers in the experimental group were significantly higher (P0.05), and group III daily gain and group IV feed were the highest. Test three: Group IV The slaughter rate of Huang Yu broilers was the highest, reaching 93.62%. In group II, III and IV, the slaughter rate was significantly increased by 4.98%, 4.81% and 6.11% (P0.05), respectively. Compared with group I, the half net chamber rate of group II, III and IV was significantly increased by 1.93%, 2.82%, 3.51% (P0.05), and the total net chamber rate was significantly increased by 4.38%, 6.98% and 5.87% (P0.05), and the pectoral muscles were significantly increased. The rate of 6.98%, 13.69%, 15.01% (P0.05) and the leg muscle rate were significantly increased by 7.73%, 14.29%, 10.02% (P0.05), respectively. In the meat quality, the muscle P H45min in the group II, III, and IV increased significantly by 5.68%, 8.09%, 11.02% (P0.05), and the muscle loss rate decreased 3.07%, 2.32%, 6.69%, respectively, but group II, group III and group I were compared with the group I. The difference was not significant (P0.05). Group IV was significantly different from that in group I (P0.05). Compared with group I, the drop water loss of group II, III, and IV decreased by 3.76%, 30.08%, 34.21%, 11.97%, 7.75%, 20.42%, respectively, by 2.96% (P0.05), 5.52% (P0.05), 11.83% (P0.05), and the fat content in the leg muscles was significantly increased by 2.95 %, 3.23%, 6.04% (P0.05). Test four: the amount of 5%FCM added to the blood biochemical indexes of broilers was most obvious. Compared with the control group, the total protein content in the 5%FCM group increased by 45.26%, 57.12%, 30.17%, 28.31% (P0.05), respectively, and the content of albumin increased by 27.72%, 18.07%, 19.22%, 19.95% (P0.05), respectively, and Ca in serum Ca. The content of P in serum increased by 31.01%, 28.92%, 27.91%, 28.24% (P0.05), respectively, and the content of total cholesterol decreased by 3.96%, 9.81%, 14.95%, 15.59% (P0.05), respectively, and the content of glycerol three was significantly reduced by 27.91% (P0.05); and the control group (P0.05); and the control group (P0.05); and the control group (P0.05); At 7-14 days of age, the content of Ig A, Ig G and Ig M decreased by 4.74%, 2.38%, 3.74% (P0.05), and the content of Ig A was significantly increased by 24.62%, 24.62%, 21.55% (P0.05) at the age of 15-28,29-42,43-64, and 25.57%, 25.59%, respectively, at the age of age, and the spleen index and the bursa index of the spleen were significantly higher than those of the control group. It was improved by 37.14% and 69.39% (P0.05). Conclusion: (1) the use of Bacillus subtilis to ferment cottonseed meal can significantly increase the nutritional value of cottonseed meal. (2) adding Bacillus subtilis to the diet significantly improves the metabolic utilization of feed and promotes the growth of yellow feathered broilers. (3) the cottonseed meal fermented by Bacillus subtilis in the diet is significantly raised. The slaughter rate, half net chamber rate, full chamber rate, leg muscle rate and breast muscle rate of Huang Yu broilers improved the muscle quality of Huang Yu broilers to a certain extent. (4) Bacillus subtilis fermented cottonseed meal could significantly improve the blood biochemical index and immune index of Huang Yu broilers, and 5% fermented cottonseed meal was added to improve the blood total of yellow broilers. Protein, albumin, Ig A, Ig G, Ig M, Ca, P, bursa index, spleen index are all superior to the addition of 2% and 8% fermented cottonseed meal groups, and the addition of 5% fermented cottonseed meal is superior to other groups in reducing the cholesterol content and triglyceride content in yellow feathered broilers.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5

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