秸秆生物质炭饲料对小鼠生长及健康的影响

发布时间：2018-05-24 12:56

本文选题：生物质炭 + 小鼠　；参考：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是农业大国,随着现代生产力的发展,农作物秸秆等废弃物资源的总量随着农作物产量的增加而增加。燃烧秸秆不仅造成环境污染,而且造成资源浪费。因此怎样妥善处理农作物秸秆等生物质资源使其达到最大资源化利用成为了我国甚至是世界的难题。生物质炭是由农作物秸秆等材料在低温限氧条件下生成的。生物质炭的特性使得其在农业、环境和动物生产等领域的作用与地位日益凸显。在农业上有改良土壤,增肥增产,提高肥料利用率和钝化土壤重金属等作用;在环境领域,吸附水溶液中的重金属,及可作为新型吸附剂等;在动物生产方面,可促进机体健康、吸附有毒物质,增加动物生产性能等。生物质炭在动物生产上的应用日益广泛,但少有生物质炭安全性的研究。所以本研究拟以KM种小鼠作为动物模型进行安全性毒理试验,通过对小鼠的精神状态、生长情况、血常规、血液生化指标和各脏器病理学等指标进行系统综合的研究,来探讨生物质炭的安全性。主要研究结果如下:(1)饲料中添加玉米秸秆生物质炭对小鼠体重、增重率、采食量和饲料利用率没有显著影响。饲料中添加玉米秸秆生物质炭能减少重金属元素在肝脏中的积累,添加2.5%的玉米秸秆炭显著降低了小鼠肝脏中铅浓度的52.65%,添加5%的玉米秸秆炭显著降低了小鼠肝脏中铅浓度的56.71%。同时也会造成Ca、Cu及Fe元素的流失。(2)饲料中添加玉米秸秆生物质炭对小鼠血常规指标、脏器外观和脏器系数均无显著影响。饲料中添加玉米秸秆生物质炭显著降低了小鼠血脂水平,对肾脏及免疫系统等均无伤害,对小鼠肝脏造成轻微水样变性。因此,通过小鼠的安全性试验表明,用添加玉米秸秆生物质炭的饲料连续喂养42天,对小鼠的生长、血液生理生化指标、组织结构等无明显影响,未表现毒性反应。而且,饲料中添加玉米秸秆生物质炭显著降低了重金属元素在肝脏中的积累以及血液中胆固醇的浓度。
[Abstract]:China is a big agricultural country. With the development of modern productivity, the total amount of crop straw and other waste resources increases with the increase of crop yield. Burning straw not only causes environmental pollution, but also waste resources. Therefore, how to properly deal with crop straw and other biomass resources to achieve maximum utilization has become a difficult problem in China and even the world. Biomass carbon is produced by crop straw and other materials under the condition of low temperature and oxygen limit. Because of its characteristics, biomass carbon plays an increasingly important role in agriculture, environment and animal production. In agriculture, it can improve soil, increase fertilizer production, increase fertilizer utilization efficiency and passivation soil heavy metals; in the field of environment, adsorption of heavy metals in aqueous solution, and can be used as a new adsorbent, etc., in animal production, Can promote the body health, adsorption of toxic substances, increase animal production performance and so on. Biomass carbon is widely used in animal production, but there is little research on the safety of biomass carbon. In this study, km mice were used as animal models to conduct safety toxicological tests, and the mental state, growth, blood routine, blood biochemical indexes and pathology of various organs were systematically and synthetically studied. To explore the safety of biomass carbon. The main results were as follows: (1) there was no significant effect on body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed utilization efficiency of mice fed with corn straw biomass carbon. The accumulation of heavy metals in the liver was reduced by adding corn straw biomass carbon to the feed. The concentration of lead in the liver of mice was significantly decreased by adding 2.5% corn straw charcoal, and 56.71% of the lead concentration in the liver of mice was significantly decreased by adding 5% corn straw charcoal. At the same time, there was no significant effect on the blood routine index, visceral appearance and visceral coefficient of mice by adding corn straw biomass carbon to the diet. The addition of biomass carbon from corn straw significantly decreased the level of blood lipid in mice, and did not damage the kidney and immune system, and caused slight water degeneration in the liver of mice. Therefore, the safety test of mice showed that the feeding diet supplemented with corn straw biomass carbon for 42 days had no obvious effect on the growth, blood physiological and biochemical indexes, tissue structure, and showed no toxic reaction. In addition, the accumulation of heavy metals in liver and the concentration of cholesterol in blood were significantly decreased by adding corn straw biomass carbon to feed.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816

【参考文献】