四川兔源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药表型以及耐药基因检测

发布时间：2018-05-30 04:28

  本文选题：家兔 + 金黄色葡萄球菌　； 参考：《四川农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国养兔业迅猛发展,养殖规模不断扩大,伴随而来的是各类疾病的频频爆发,尤其是细菌性疾病。在给养殖业者造成了巨大经济损失的同时,由于养殖者对各类抗菌药物的非合理使用,给病原菌耐药性逐步加剧提供了可能,因此增大了兔病预防及治疗的难度。近年来,金黄色葡萄球菌引发的乳痈、溃疡性脚皮炎、仔兔急性肠炎、局部脓肿等不断增多。该菌已成为对家兔危害极大的病原菌之一。在这些疾病的防治过程中,利用各种抗菌药仍然是对付金黄色葡萄球菌的主要手段,但大量不规范的使用抗菌药物,使得金黄色葡萄球菌的抗药性逐步加剧。从而,为更好的研究金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药机制和引导临床用药,对该菌的耐药性以及耐药基因的检测具备重要意义。2013年到2014年,分离、鉴定具有致病性的金黄色葡萄球菌41株,含耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌31株,这些菌均来自于四川地区患病家兔。选用17种抗菌药,采用纸片扩散法对41株菌采取了药物敏感性检测。结果展示其对四种p-内酰胺类的耐药率在68.29%-75.61%之间；对三种氨基糖苷类的耐药率为63.41%～85.37%之间；对三种四环素类的耐药率为58.54%～65.85%之间；对四种大环内酯类的耐药率为34.15%～36.59%之间；对万古霉素的耐药率为19.51%；对环丙氟哌酸的耐药率为29.27%；对复方新诺明耐药率表现为31.37%；出现了3耐、4耐、6耐、7耐、8耐、9耐、10耐、11耐、12耐、13耐和14耐共11种耐药类型。其中,7耐、9耐和11耐类型分布最广,各为12.20%、17.07%和21.95%。通过聚合酶链式反应进一步扩增了p-内酰胺类mecA.耐药基因,四环素类tetMⅢ耐药基因,氨基糖苷类耐药基因aac(6')/aph(2")、aph(3')-Ⅲ和ant(4',4"),以及大环内酯类erm耐药基因。结果显示,在41株金黄色葡萄球菌菌中检测到mecA、 aac(6')/aph(2")、aph(3')-Ⅲ,ant(4',4")、erm和tetM基因,检出率分别为75.61%(31/41)、92.68%(38/41)、53.66%(22/41)、80.49%(33/41)、46.34%(19/41)和70.73%(29/41)。综上所述,本次分离于四川地区的兔源金黄色葡萄球菌不仅对17种抗菌药的抗药性很严重,同时存在多重耐药情形；PCR扩增耐药基因的结果与耐药表型具有一定的相关性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of rabbit breeding industry in China, the scale of breeding is expanding, accompanied by frequent outbreaks of various diseases, especially bacterial diseases. At the same time, the irrational use of antibiotics by the breeders has made it possible for the pathogens to become more resistant to antibiotics, thus increasing the difficulty of prevention and treatment of rabbit disease. In recent years, staphylococcus aureus causes breast carbuncle, ulcerative foot dermatitis, baby rabbit acute enteritis, local abscess and so on. It has become one of the most harmful pathogens to rabbits. In the course of prevention and treatment of these diseases, the use of various antimicrobial agents is still the main means to deal with Staphylococcus aureus, but a large number of non-standard use of antimicrobial agents make the drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus increased gradually. Therefore, in order to better study the mechanism of drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and guide clinical drug use, the detection of drug resistance and resistance genes of Staphylococcus aureus is of great significance. 41 strains of Staphylococcus aureus with pathogenicity were identified, including 31 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Using 17 kinds of antimicrobial agents, 41 strains of bacteria were tested for drug sensitivity by disk diffusion method. The results showed that the resistance rate of four kinds of plactam was 68.29- 75.61%, the resistance rate of three aminoglycosides was 63.41%, the resistance rate of three tetracyclines was between 58.54% and 65.85%, the resistance rate to four macrolides was between 34.15% and 36.59%, the resistance rate to three kinds of tetracycline was 58.54%, the resistance rate to four macrolides was 36.59%, the resistance rate to three kinds of aminoglycosides was 65.37%, the resistance rate to three kinds of tetracyclines was between 58.54% and 65.85%. The resistance rate to vancomycin was 19.51%, to ciprofloxacin was 29.27%, to compound sulfamethoxifen was 31.3737%, and there were three types of resistance to vancomycin, three tolerance to vancomycin, three resistance to vancomycin, one to ciprofloxacin, and one to 31.37. There were three kinds of resistance to vancomycin. The most widely distributed types of resistance were 12.20%, 17.07% and 21.95%, respectively. Plactam mecA was further amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Drug-resistant genes, tetracycline type tetM 鈪，

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