三种非常规饲料资源营养价值评定及在四川白鹅日粮中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 20:12

本文选题：非常规饲料资源 + 表观代谢率　；参考：《武汉轻工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究旨在通过测定四川白鹅对全脂米糠、棕榈粕、花生藤三种非常规饲料原料的表观代谢率,对以上三种非常规饲料资源作初步的营养价值评定。同时,通过设定不同的替代比例,用全脂米糠和棕榈粕替代四川白鹅基础日粮中的玉米,用花生藤替代基础日粮中的苜蓿草,测定不同替代比例下,四川白鹅的生长性能、肉品质及肌肉中脂肪酸构成,探讨这三种非常规饲料原料在四川白鹅日粮中应用的可行性以及日粮中合理的添加量。(1)研究结果表明,全脂米糠的粗蛋白含量可达15.16%,粗脂肪含量为23.79%,粗纤维、酸性、中性洗涤纤维含量分别为10.46%、12.54%和41.78%,但四川白鹅除对酸性洗涤纤维代谢率(59.12%)较高外,对中性洗涤纤维和粗纤维代谢率都较低。钙、磷含量分别为1.8%、0.43%,含量相对较高,但四川白鹅对其钙、磷的代谢率较低,仅为13.83%和37.60%。(2)棕榈粕中干物质含量可达92.29%,但粗蛋白含量较低,仅为12.41%;棕榈粕中粗脂肪、粗纤维含量较高,分别约占干物质的16.33%和20.15%;所含总能可达19.98MJ/kg;中性和酸性洗涤纤维的含量约为干物质的68.01%和32.83%;钙、磷含量相对较低,约占干物质的0.6%和0.49%,而且对钙的代谢率为负值(-110.86%)。(3)花生藤中粗脂肪含量约为3.29%,粗蛋白含量较低,仅为干物质的7.95%;钙、磷含量相对较高,分别约为干物质的1.64%、1.89%;且钙的表观代谢率较高(70.98%)。中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为68.07%和32.83%,但四川白鹅对其利用率相对较低,仅为29.47%和15%左右。(4)试验结果表明,日粮中全脂米糠部分替代玉米,在57-70天时,米糠替代组的平均日增重较对照组有显著性提高(线性,P0.05;二次项,P0.05);皮脂率、半净膛率、肌肉中粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量与对照组相比有显著性下降(线性,P0.05;二次项P0.01);可显著提高肌肉中总单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、总多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)及n-3系列脂肪酸含量(线性,P0.05;二次项,P0.05)。对肌肉中亚油酸(C18:2N6C)、α-亚麻酸(C18:3N3)的含量提高显著(线性,P0.05;二次项,P0.05)。(5)日粮中棕榈粕部分替代玉米,在整个试验期内,各棕榈粕替代组在平均日增重与料重比上均与对照组没有显著差异(线性,P0.05;二次项P0.05)。(6)对胴体皮脂率和腹脂率有显著性提高(线性,P0.01;二次项,P0.01)。棕榈粕替代组肌肉中亚油酸(C18:2n6c)、α-亚油酸(C18:3n3)的含量显著高于对照组(线性,P0.01;二次项,P0.01);棕榈粕替代组的二十碳烯酸(C20:1)、二十一烷酸(C21:0)含量显著低于对照组(线性,P0.01;二次项,P0.01);肌肉中n-3、n-6脂肪酸含量,棕榈粕替代组显著高于对照组(线性,P0.01;二次项,P0.01);(7)四川白鹅日粮中花生藤部分替代苜蓿草的处理组在平均日增重、平均日采食量以及料重比在整个试验期内与对照组均没有显著差异(线性,P0.05;二次项,P0.05)。日粮中替代量达到6%时,显著降低了鹅的屠体重、屠宰率、半净膛率(线性,P0.01;二次项,P0.01)。6%花生藤替代组的肌肉总饱和脂肪酸和γ-亚麻酸(C18:3n6)含量显著低于对照组和处理组1(P0.0.5);花生藤替代组的二十碳烯酸(C20:1)含量显著低于对照组(线性,P0.05;二次项,P0.05)。花生藤粉替代组的总单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、总多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量与对照组不存在显著差异(线性,P0.05;二次项,P0.05)。综上,将试验所涉三种非常规饲料原料应用于四川白鹅日粮中具备理论与实际可行性,添加非常规饲料不会显著影响鹅的生长性能,在一定的生长周期还有利于提高鹅的生长,而且对于改善和平衡肌肉中脂肪酸含量与配比也有正向作用。
[Abstract]:The results showed that the content of crude protein was 15.16 % , the content of crude fat was 23.79 % , the content of crude fiber , acid and neutral washing fiber were 10.46 % , 12.54 % and 41.78 % respectively . ( 2 ) The content of dry matter in palm pulp was 92.29 % , but the content of crude protein was 12.41 % . The content of crude fat and crude fiber in palm meal was about 16.33 % and 20.15 % , respectively . ( 4 ) The results showed that the average daily gain of the rice bran replacement group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( linear , P0.05 ; second term , P0.05 ) , and the content of total polyunsaturated fatty acid ( MUFA ) , total polyunsaturated fatty acid ( PUPU) and n - 3 fatty acid in muscle were significantly improved ( linear , P0.05 ; second term , P0.05 ) . The content of linoleic acid ( C18 : 2N6C ) , 伪 - linolenic acid ( C18 : 3N3 ) increased significantly ( linear , P0.05 ; quadratic term , P0.05 ) . The content of linoleic acid ( C18 : 2n6c ) , 伪 - linoleic acid ( C18 : 3n3 ) was significantly higher than that of control group ( linear , P0.01 ) . The content of n - 3 , n - 6 fatty acids in muscle was significantly higher than that of control group ( P0.01 ) . The content of total saturated fatty acids and gamma - linolenic acid ( C18 : 3n6 ) in the replacement group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P0.05 ) . The total polyunsaturated fatty acid ( MUFA ) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid ( PUA ) content of peanut vine meal replacement group were not significantly different from that of the control group ( linear , P0.05 ; second term , P0.05 ) . In conclusion , the three kinds of non - conventional feed materials involved in the experiment were applied to the daily ration of Sichuan White Geese , which could not significantly affect the growth performance of the goose , but also beneficial to improve the growth of the goose during a certain period of growth , and also had a positive effect on improving and balancing the fatty acid content and the proportion in the muscle .
【学位授予单位】：武汉轻工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S835.5

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