辣木与其他粗饲料营养价值比较及替代苜蓿对奶牛生产性能的影响

发布时间：2018-06-03 18:00

本文选题：辣木 + 苜蓿　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：辣木是一种热带、亚热带速生植物,具有较高的营养价值,在我国南方已实现规模化种植,但在国内畜牧行业应用较少。本课题旨在比较辣木与其他3种常用粗饲料营养价值,并探讨辣木替代部分苜蓿添加到日粮中对奶牛饲喂效果。试验一:辣木叶梗与3种常用粗饲料常规营养成分的比较本试验通过常规试验分析,测定辣木叶、辣木梗、苜蓿、羊草和玉米青贮的化学成分并计算出相应的相对饲用价值(relative feed value,RFV)。试验结果表明:不同粗饲料的营养价值存在显著差异(P0.05);辣木叶的营养水平相对较高,蛋白(crude protein,CP)含量高于苜蓿、羊草、玉米青贮和辣木梗;辣木梗和羊草的中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)含量显著高于其他3种饲料;辣木叶和苜蓿的RFV较高,显著高于其他三种粗饲料(P0.05),辣木梗RFV最低,与羊草相当。试验二:5种常用粗饲料对体外发酵参数及微生物菌群的影响本试验采用体外产气法对辣木叶、辣木梗、苜蓿、羊草和玉米青贮5种粗饲料的体外发酵参数和微生物菌群的影响。试验结果表明:辣木叶、苜蓿和玉米青贮的产气量显著高于其他2种粗饲料(P0.05);5种饲料的发酵液pH根据饲料的不同,由高到低为辣木梗羊草辣木叶和苜蓿玉米青贮,其中辣木叶和苜蓿差异不显著,其余两两之间差异显著(P0.05);5种饲料的发酵液中氨态氮含量除辣木梗和玉米青贮差异不显著,其余两两之间差异显著,发酵液中氨态氮(NH3-N)含量由高到低为辣木叶苜蓿玉米青贮和辣木梗羊草;由挥发酸的组成可知,5种饲料间各挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acids,VFA)的产生量相差很大,辣木叶显著高于羊草和辣木梗(P0.05),但与苜蓿和玉米青贮差异不显著。试验三:比较5种常用粗饲料的瘤胃降解特性试验选用3头体重600kg左右装有永久性瘤胃瘘管健康的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法研究5种粗饲料的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的瘤胃降解特性。结果表明:苜蓿的DM降解率在各个时间点均高于辣木叶和辣木梗,24 h之后与辣木叶的DM降解率差距变小;辣木梗的DM瘤胃降解率在各个时间点显著低于其他四种饲料(P0.05);苜蓿、辣木叶和玉米青贮的DM有效降解率均大于60%,都极显著高于辣木梗和羊草(P0.01);瘤胃降解12 h后,辣木叶的CP降解率快速升高,且显著高于苜蓿及辣木梗(P0.05);辣木叶、苜蓿、玉米青贮CP有效降解率较高,羊草和辣木梗的CP有效降解率差别不大;辣木叶和苜蓿的NDF有效降解率显著高于其他3种粗饲料,辣木梗的NDF含量较高但较难被瘤胃微生物利用。试验四:辣木替代50%苜蓿对奶牛表观消化率和生产性能的影响试验采用反转试验设计,选取8头健康的荷斯坦奶牛,4头一组,分为A组为对照组(饲喂基础日粮),B组为试验组(饲喂用辣木梗叶饲料替换基础日粮中50%苜蓿的日粮)。结果表明:饲喂辣木替代苜蓿的B组显著提高了采食量和乳蛋白产量(P0.05),有提升乳产量的趋势(0.05≤P0.10);处理B组和A组在瘤胃发酵参数上无显著差异;饲喂辣木的处理组B瘤胃液中含有较多的普雷沃氏菌,显著高于处理组A(P0.05),其他菌群差异不明显;处理组B的酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)表观消化率显著高于处理组A(P0.05),NDF表观消化率较处理A组有升高的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),DM和CP表观消化率无显著差异。综上所述,本研究可以得出以下结论:(1)辣木有较高的营养价值,其中辣木叶含有较高的蛋白,有较高的有效降解率,其相对饲用价值高于苜蓿干草,辣木梗的相对饲用价值与羊草相当。(2)使用辣木替代50%苜蓿饲喂奶牛,可提高奶牛的生产性能,并对奶牛的瘤胃发酵和饲料营养成分的全表观消化率无不利影响。
[Abstract]:Horseradish is a tropical, subtropical fast-growing plant with high nutritional value. It has been widely cultivated in the south of China, but it is less used in domestic animal husbandry. This topic aims to compare the nutritive value of horseradish and other 3 kinds of common forage, and to explore the feeding effect of horseradish substitute alfalfa to diet. The comparison of the common nutritive components of horseradish leaf stem and 3 kinds of common roughage was compared with the routine test. The chemical constituents of the leaves, horseradish stems, alfalfa, Leymus chinensis and corn silage were determined by routine test and the corresponding relative feeding value (relative feed value, RFV) was calculated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the nutritional value of different roughages (P 0.05): the nutrition level of hot wood leaves is relatively high, the content of protein (crude protein, CP) is higher than alfalfa, Leymus chinensis, corn silage and horseradish stalk; the neutral detergent fiber (neutral detergent fiber, NDF) of horseradish stem and Leymus chinensis (neutral detergent fiber, NDF) is significantly higher than the other 3 kinds of feed; the RFV of horseradish leaves and alfalfa is higher, significantly higher than the other three kinds of coarse fodder (P0.05), horseradish The lowest RFV was the same as Leymus chinensis. Experiment two: the effect of 5 kinds of common roughage on in vitro fermentation parameters and microbial flora. The experiment adopted in vitro fermentation parameters and microbial flora of 5 kinds of coarse fodder of spicy wood, horseradish stalk, alfalfa, Leymus chinensis and corn silage. The results showed: hot wood, alfalfa and corn silage. The amount of gas production was significantly higher than that of the other 2 kinds of coarse feed (P0.05), and the pH of the fermentation broth of the 5 feedstuffs, from high to low, was from high to low to horseradish leaves and alfalfa silage, of which there was no significant difference between the spicy leaves and alfalfa, and the other 22 was significant (P0.05); the ammonia nitrogen content in the 5 feed fermentation broth was in addition to the horseradish stalks and corn. The difference was not significant in the silage, and the difference between the other 22 was significant. The content of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in the fermentation broth was from high to low to alfalfa corn silage and horseradish erymus chinensis. The volatile fatty acids (volatile fatty acids, VFA) in the 5 kinds of feed were very different, and the spicy leaves were significantly higher than the Leymus chinensis and the horseradish wood. P0.05, but not significantly different from alfalfa and corn silage. Test three: the rumen degradation characteristics of 5 common roughages were compared with 3 head weight 600kg Holstein cows with permanent rumen fistula health. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were studied by nylon bag method. The results showed that the DM degradation rate of alfalfa was higher than that of hot wood and horseradish stalk at all time points, and the difference of DM degradation rate between 24 h and hot wood leaves was smaller, and the degradation rate of DM rumen was significantly lower than that of other four kinds of feed (P0.05) at all time points, and the effective degradation rate of alfalfa, spicy wood and corn silage was greater than 60%. Significantly higher than the horseradish stem and Leymus chinensis (P0.01), after the rumen degradation 12 h, the CP degradation rate of the hot wood leaves increased rapidly, and was significantly higher than the alfalfa and the horseradish stalks (P0.05); the effective degradation rate of the spicy wood, alfalfa and corn silage CP was higher, and the effective degradation rate of the CP in Leymus chinensis and horseradish stems had little difference, and the effective degradation rate of NDF in the spicy wood and alfalfa was significantly higher than that of the other 3. The NDF content of crude forage and horseradish stalk is higher but more difficult to be used by rumen microbes. Experiment four: the effect of 50% Alfalfa on the apparent digestibility and production performance of dairy cows was designed, 8 Holstein cows were selected and 4 were selected as the control group (fed base diet), and the B group was used as the test group. The results showed that the feed intake and milk protein yield (P0.05) were significantly increased in the B group fed with spice trees instead of Alfalfa (0.05 < P0.10), and there was no significant difference in the rumen fermentation parameters between the B and A groups, and the B tumor feeding group fed on the horseradish plants contained more than those in the A group. More Poulet Was bacteria, significantly higher than the treatment group A (P0.05), other bacteria group differences are not obvious; the treatment group B acid washing fiber (acid detergent fiber, ADF) apparent digestibility is significantly higher than the treatment group A (P0.05), NDF apparent digestibility is higher than the A group (0.05 < < < P0.10), there is no significant difference between the apparent digestibility and the apparent digestibility. The following conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) horseradish has higher nutritional value, among which hot wood leaves contain high protein and high effective degradation rate, its relative feeding value is higher than alfalfa hay, and the relative feeding value of horseradish stems is equal to that of Leymus chinensis. (2) the production performance of dairy cows can be improved by feeding 50% alfalfa by spice trees. Rumen fermentation of dairy cows and total apparent digestibility of feed nutrients had no adverse effects.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S823.5

【参考文献】