补饲亚麻籽对延边黄牛肌内共轭脂肪酸构成及其相关基因表达的影响

发布时间：2018-06-06 00:04

本文选题：亚麻籽 + 延边黄牛　；参考：《延边大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究补饲亚麻籽对延边黄牛肌内共轭脂肪酸构成及其相关基因表达的影响。分别从亚麻籽对延边黄牛生长性能、血液脂肪酸构成与脂代谢相关生化参数、屠宰性能、肉品质、牛肉中营养成分及牛肉中脂肪酸含量影响,以及背最长肌共轭脂肪酸的构成与其相关基因的表达关系等几个方面进行研究。选取30头平均体重为(480±15)kg健康的延边黄牛阉牛,随机分为3组,每组10头,分别为1)对照组(CON)：育肥期基础日粮；2)试验1组(WL组)：育肥期基础日粮+8%整粒亚麻籽；3)试验2组(CL组)：育肥期基础日粮+8%破碎亚麻籽。试验结果表明：(1)生长性能：WL组和CL组的平均日增重分别比对照组提高了11.34%、12.37%(P0.05),但WL组和CL组之间的平均日增重差异不显著(P0.05)。WL组和CL组的平均日采食量与对照组相比分别比提高了11.18%、11.26%(P0.05),WL组和CL组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。WL组和CL组的饲料转化率均比对照组高,但差异不显著(P0.05)(2)血液生化指标：WL组、CL组的甘油三脂分别比对照组降低了17.95%(P0.05)、5.13% (P0.05)。 WL组、CL组的高密度脂蛋白均显著高于对照组,并分别提高了15.49%(P0.05)、14.79% (P0.05)。 WL组和CL组的胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白均大于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。日粮中添加亚麻籽对延边黄牛血液中血糖、血清总蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶含量也没有显著影响(P0.05)。(3)血液脂肪酸：亚麻籽的添加对肉牛血液中C14：0、C14：1、C18：0、C18:1n9c、t11C18:1、C18:2n6t、C18:2n6c、t10,c12CLA、C20:2、C22:0、C22:1n9无显著影响(P0.05)。WL组肉牛血液中棕榈酸(C16：0)的含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。WL组和CL组肉牛血液中c9,t11CLA、c9,t11,c15-CLnA、 c9,t13,c15-CLnA的含量均极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。对于肉牛血液中C18：3的含量,WL组极显著高于对照组(P0.01),CL组显著高于对照组(P0.05),WL组和CL组之间无差异性(P0.05)。添加亚麻籽后对肉牛血液中单不饱和脂肪酸有降低的趋势,差异不显著(P0.05)。添加整粒亚麻籽和破碎亚麻籽后,不饱和脂肪酸的含量均高于对照组,WL组与对照组之间差异性不显著(P0.05)(4)牛肉营养成分含量：亚麻籽可以显著提高牛肉中的脂肪,WL组和CL组牛肉中脂肪分别比对照组提高了12.48%(P0.05)、12.75%(P0.05)。试验组牛肉中蛋白含量均比对照组高,但WL组与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。亚麻籽对延边黄牛牛肉中水分、灰分含量无影响(P0.05)。(5)牛肉品质：WL组的剪切力比对照组显著降低了3.75%(P0.05),CL组比对照组降低了1.61%(P0.05),WL组与CL组之间差异性显著(P0.05)。各试验组间的蒸煮损失差异不显著(P0.05)。WL组和CL组的肉色优于对照组,亚麻籽对延边黄牛牛肉的大理石花纹和脂肪酸无显著影响(P0.05)。(6)屠宰性能：补饲亚麻籽后,WL组、CL组的背膘厚均显著大于对照组(P0.05),补饲亚麻籽对延边黄牛宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积无显著影响(P0.05)。(7)脂肪酸含量：日粮中添加亚麻籽提高了延边黄牛皮下脂肪、肌间脂肪、肌内脂肪的脂肪酸含量中UFA含量,WL组、CL组肉牛皮下脂肪、肌间脂肪、肌内脂肪中的c9,t11CLA、c9,t11,c15-CLnA、c95t13,c15-CLnA均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。提高了皮下脂肪和肌内脂肪中t10,c12CLA的含量(8)脂肪酸合成相关基因表达量：日粮中添加整粒亚麻籽、破碎亚麻籽后延边黄牛背最长肌中SCD1、ACC、FAS的mRNA表达量下降。WL组和CL组肉牛背最长肌中SCD1的mRNA表达量分别比对照组降低了79.34%、83.75%。WL组和CL组的LPL、PPAR-γ的mRNA表达量高于对照组,而且CL组的LPL、PPAR-γ的mRNA表达量最高。WL组和CL组SREBP1的mRNA表达量均低于对照组,CL组的SREBP1的mRNA表达量最低。本实验结果表明：在延边黄牛日粮中添加亚麻籽,可显著提高延边黄牛的生长性能、背膘厚；增加血液生化指标中HDL-C的浓度,降低TG的浓度,血液中c9,t11CLA、c9,t11,c15-CLnA、c9,t13,c015-CLnA、C18:3的含量均升高,改善了血液脂肪酸的组成；提高延边黄牛牛肉的肉色和光泽,降低了牛肉的剪切力,使牛肉嫩度升高,增加延边黄牛的脂肪沉积；提高延边黄牛皮下脂肪、肌间脂肪、肌内脂肪的脂肪酸含量中UFA含量,使延边黄牛皮下脂肪、肌间脂肪、肌内脂肪中的c9,t11CLA、c9,t11,c15-CLnA、c9,t13,c15-ClnA等共轭脂肪酸有所升高；提高延边黄牛背最长肌中LPL、PPAR-γ的mRNA表达量,抑制了SCD1、ACC、 FAS、SREBP1 mRNA的表达。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the effects of fed flax seeds on the formation of conjugated fatty acids and the expression of their associated genes .
2 ) Test 1 group ( WL group ) : basal diet of fattening period + 8 % whole grain flax seed ;
The results showed that : ( 1 ) The average daily gain of WL group and CL group was 11.34 % and 12.37 % ( P0.05 ) , but the average daily gain of WL group and CL group was higher than that in control group ( P0.05 ) . The high density lipoprotein in the WL group and CL group was significantly higher than that in the control group , and increased by 15.49 % ( P0.05 ) and 14.79 % ( P0.05 ) . The levels of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein in WL group and CL group were higher than those in control group , but the difference was not significant ( P0.05 ) . The content of palmitic acid ( C16 : 0 ) in beef blood was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P0.05 ) . The expression of SCD1 mRNA was significantly higher in WL group and CL group than in the control group ( P0.05 ) . The mRNA expression level in the LWL group and CL group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P0.05 ) .
The concentration of HDL - C was increased , the concentration of TG was decreased , c9 , t11CLA , c9 , t13 , c15 - CLnA , c9 , t13 , c015 - CLnA , C18 : 3 in the blood increased , and the composition of blood fatty acid was improved .
improving the meat color and luster of the beef cattle , reducing the shearing force of the beef , increasing the tenderness of the beef , and increasing the fat deposition of the extended yellow cattle ;
The content of UFA in the subcutaneous fat , muscle fat , and fat in the muscles of the cattle was increased , and the conjugated fatty acids such as c9 , t11CLA , c9 , t11 , c15 - CLnA , c9 , t13 , c15 - ClA were increased in the subcutaneous fat , the intramuscular fat and the intramuscular fat .
In order to improve the mRNA expression level in the longest muscle of the longerlongus longum , the expression of the mRNA was inhibited by SCD1 , ACC , FAS , S .
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823.81

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