基于宏基因组学技术检测全株玉米青贮期间和暴露空气后的微生物多样性

发布时间：2018-06-06 12:43

本文选题：青贮 + 全株玉米　；参考：《动物营养学报》2017年10期

【摘要】：本试验旨在分析全株玉米青贮发酵期间和暴露空气后的发酵品质及微生物多样性,监测其微生物群落组成动态变化。试验分别在3个发酵时期取样,即青贮第5天(F5组)、青贮第40天(F40组)和青贮40 d开袋暴露空气后第3天(A3组),每次取3袋作为3个重复。采用宏基因组学技术,测定全株玉米青贮发酵期间和暴露空气后微生物的16S r DNA V3~V4区序列,比较3个发酵时期样品微生物群落的组成和丰度信息,通过Alpha多样性和主成分分析,考察和比较全株玉米青贮发酵期间和暴露空气后的微生物多样性。结果表明:全株玉米经过40 d的青贮发酵,可使p H及中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著下降(P0.05),乳酸含量显著升高(P0.05),具有良好的发酵品质和营养价值,且发酵40 d后短时间开袋暴露空气对其发酵品质和营养价值无显著影响(P0.05)。3组样本通过Illumina Miseq测序平台共获得122 371条高质量有效序列,聚类为239个操作分类单元,经分类学鉴定分属16个门,163个属。在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)始终占优势地位,其丰度在F5、F40和A3组中分别为57.57%、74.65%、78.82%,呈增长趋势。发酵前期(F5组)、发酵后期(F40组)和开袋期(A3组)优势菌属均为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus),其丰度分别为49.78%、64.46%和45.34%,但在开袋期芽孢乳杆菌属(Sporolactobacillus)的比例上升明显,至28.46%。综上,全株玉米青贮自然发酵升高了产乳酸乳杆菌属的丰度,有利于提高全株玉米青贮的发酵品质,但开袋暴露空气3 d对全株玉米青贮的微生物多样性产生了影响,而通过Miseq高通量测序技术,能够全面了解全株玉米青贮期间和暴露空气后微生物群落组成及丰度上的变化。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this experiment was to analyze the fermentation quality and microbial diversity of whole corn silage during fermentation and after exposure to air, and to monitor the dynamic changes of microbial community composition. Samples were taken at three fermentation stages, namely, group F5 on the 5th day of silage, group F40 on day 40 of silage) and group A3 on day 3 after exposure to air on day 40 of silage. Three bags were taken as three replicates each time. The 16s r DNA V3~V4 sequences of microorganisms during fermentation and after exposure to air were determined by macrogenomics. The composition and abundance information of microbial communities in three fermentation periods were compared. The Alpha diversity and principal component analysis were used to analyze the microbes. To investigate and compare the microbial diversity of whole corn silage during fermentation and after exposure to air. The results showed that after 40 days of silage fermentation, the content of pH, NDF and ADFof decreased significantly, and the content of lactic acid increased significantly, which had good fermentation quality and nutritional value. After 40 days of fermentation, there was no significant effect on the fermentation quality and nutritional value of the samples exposed to open bags for 40 days. A total of 122,371 high quality and effective sequences were obtained by Illumina Miseq sequencing platform, which were clustered into 239 operational classification units. They belong to 16 phyla and 163 genera by taxonomy. The abundance of F5 F40 and A3 was 57.57 and 74.65, respectively, showing an increasing trend. The dominant genus of Lactobacillus was Lactobacillus (49.78%, 64.46% and 45.34%, respectively), but the proportion of Lactobacillus in the bagging stage increased significantly to 28.4646%. In conclusion, the natural fermentation of whole corn silage increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, which was beneficial to improve the fermentation quality of the whole corn silage, but the microbial diversity of the whole corn silage was affected by 3 days open air. The changes of microbial community composition and abundance during the whole plant silage and after exposure to air could be fully understood by Miseq high-throughput sequencing technique.
【作者单位】：内蒙古民族大学动物科学技术学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31160474) 优质肉牛生产核心技术研究与示范创业人才团队资助项目
【分类号】：S816.53

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