黑河上游草地生态系统碳储量及价值评估

发布时间：2018-06-09 22:45

本文选题：黑河流域上游 + 高寒草地生态系统　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球气候变暖,二氧化碳减排成为当今世界关注的共同热点问题。草地生态系统作为陆地生态系统的一部分,它是重要的碳汇之一,越来越突出,并且越来越受到广泛的重视。目前国际社会已经在全球范围内利用生态系统的碳汇功能实施碳汇交易,使其成为有效的减排方式。本研究使用黑河流域2013年的气象数据、Terra/Modis NDVI数据、实地采样数据,利用C-FlX模型及数理统计方法对黑河流域上游草地生态系统不同植被类型NPP、植被碳储量、固碳释氧量进行了详细的分析及估算,同时,利用实测的土壤有机碳数据对各草地植被类型的土壤有机碳储量进行了分析及估算,最终对黑河流域上游草地生态系统碳储量及其价值进行了评价。得出以下结论：(1)黑河上游草地生态系统2013年单位面积NPP年均累计量为104.41 gC/m2,NPP累计量在0.001～453.969gC/m2之间,NPP空间分布格局存在较大的异质性,总体上自东南向西南呈递减趋势。各草地植被类型单位面积NPP累计总量表现为：高寒草甸灌丛草地高寒草原荒漠草地,NPP累计量分别为121.69 gC/2、121.34gC/m2、111.87gC/m2、62.73gC/m2,各草地植被类型地下碳密度分别为高寒草甸963.78g C/m2,灌丛草地946.46 g C/m2,高寒草原475.44 g C/m2,荒漠草地494.9gC/m2。各草地植被类型2013年总碳储量为：高寒草甸12.2×106tC,高寒草原4.69×106t C,灌丛草地2.52×106t C,荒漠草地0.6×106t C,表现趋势与年NPP累积量一致。黑河流域上游2013年草地植被NPP价值量和植被碳储量价值量空间分布格局与NPP物质量空间格局一致,空间价值仍表现为从东向西,逐渐递减。草地植被总碳储量为46.38×108元,NPP总价值量为6.06×108元,地下固碳量总价值量为40.32x108元。各草地植被类型NPP累积量年均价值量均值在145.42-282.1元/hm2之间,平均价值量为242.04元/hm2,地下固碳年均价值量均值在1102.17-2234.24元/hm2之间,平均价值量为1669.46元/hm2。各草地植被类型单位面积NPP价值量分别为高寒草甸282.1元/hm2,灌丛草地281.29元/hm2,高寒草原259.34元/hm2,荒漠草地145.42元/hm2。(2)黑河上游草地生态系统2013年固定C02物质量为42.51×105t,释放O2物质量为31.30×10st。不同草地植被类型单位面积固定二氧化碳物质量和释放氧气物质的量仍表现为：高寒草甸灌丛草地高寒草原荒漠草地,各草地植被单位面积固定二氧化碳的物质量分别为：1.98t/hm2,1.97t/hm2,1.82t/hm2,1.02t/hm2;释放02物质量分别为：1.46t/hm2,1.45t/hm2,1.34t/hm2,0.75t/hm2。各草地植被类型固定C02和释放O2总物质量分别为：高寒草甸22.29×105t和16.41×l05t,高寒草原14.58×105t和10.73×105t,灌丛草地4.66×105t和3.43×105t,荒漠草地1.09×105t和0.81×105t。草地植被2013年固碳释氧总价值量为25.47×108元,其中固定CO2价值为15.62×108元,释放02价值为9.85×108元。各草地植被类型固碳释氧总价值分别为13.32×108元,8.71×108元,2.79x108元,0.65×108元。(3)黑河上游草地生态系统土壤0～100cm深度土壤有机碳总储量为53.49×1010t,总价值为29.42×109元,其中土壤深度0～20cm各草地植被土壤有机碳总储量为17.57×1010t,总价值为9.86×109元。草地植被土壤有机碳在土层深度0～100cm平均含量为10.89～77.65g.kg-1,随着深度的增加,平均含量逐渐减小。土层深度0～100cm有机碳变异系数均在10%～100%之间,属于中等变异,平均变异系数为78.01%。各草地植被覆盖类型下,土层深度0～100cm的平均土壤有机碳含量为22.05kg·m-2。土层深度0～20cm各草地植被土壤有机碳含量为：灌丛草地8.76kg·m-2,高寒草甸8.06kg·m-2,高寒草原7.49kg·m-2,荒漠草地4.25kg·m-2；土层深度O-l00cm各草地植被土壤有机碳含量为：灌丛草地30.57kg·m-2,高寒草甸24.28kg·m-2,高寒草原22.26kg·m-2,荒漠草地11.11kg·m-2。各草地植被2013年总碳储量为：高寒草甸27.29×1010t,高寒草原17.8×1010t,灌丛草地7.21×1010t,荒漠草地1.19×1010t；总价值量分别为：高寒草甸15.01×109元,高寒草原9.79×109元,灌丛草地3.96×109元,荒漠草地0.65×109元。土壤有机碳储量表现为：高寒草甸高寒草原灌丛草地荒漠草地。(4)黑河流域上游草地生态系统总碳储价值量为370.07×108元人民币,各草地植被类型的碳储价值分别为：高寒草甸为189.67×108元人民币,高寒草原为118.26×108元人民币,灌丛草地为48.22×108元人民币,荒漠草地为13.92×108元人民币,表现为土壤碳储量价值量草地植被碳储量价值量固碳释氧价值量。
[Abstract]:With the global warming, the carbon dioxide emission reduction has become a common hot issue in the world. As part of the terrestrial ecosystem, the grassland ecosystem is one of the important carbon sinks, which is becoming more and more prominent and has been paid more and more attention. At present, the international community has used the carbon sink work of the ecosystem around the world. This study uses the meteorological data of the Heihe River Basin in 2013, Terra/Modis NDVI data, field sampling data, and the C-FlX model and mathematical statistics method for the different vegetation types NPP, carbon storage and carbon sequestration of the vegetation in the upper reaches of the Heihe basin. At the same time, the soil organic carbon reserves of various grassland vegetation types were analyzed and estimated by the measured soil organic carbon data. The carbon reserves and the value of the grassland ecosystem in the upper reaches of the Heihe basin were evaluated. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) the annual cumulative NPP per unit area of the grassland ecosystem in the upper reaches of Heihe in 2013 The amount of 104.41 gC/m2 and the cumulative amount of NPP were between 0.001 and 453.969gC/m2, and the spatial distribution pattern of NPP had a large heterogeneity, and in general, it decreased from the southeast to the southwest. The total amount of NPP in the unit area of each grassland vegetation type was as follows: the alpine meadow meadow grassland alpine grassland deserted grassland, and the NPP fatigue measurement was 121.69 gC/2121.34g, respectively. C/m2111.87gC/m2,62.73gC/m2, the underground carbon density of various grassland vegetation types is 963.78g C/m2 in alpine meadow, 946.46 g C/m2 in shrub grassland, 475.44 g C/m2 in alpine grassland, and the total carbon reserves of grassland vegetation types in desert grassland in 2013 are 12.2 * 106tC in alpine meadow, 4.69 * 106t C in high cold grassland, 2.52 by shrub grassland and desert grassland. The 0.6 x 106t C of grassland is consistent with the annual NPP accumulation. The spatial distribution pattern of grassland vegetation NPP value and vegetation carbon reserve value in the upper reaches of Heihe basin in 2013 is consistent with the spatial pattern of NPP quality, and the spatial value is still decreasing from east to west. The total carbon reserves of grassland vegetation are 46.38 x 108 yuan, and the total value of NPP is 6.06 x 1. The total value of carbon sequestration value of 08 yuan is 40.32x108 yuan. The average annual value of NPP accumulative value of each grassland vegetation type is between 145.42-282.1 yuan and /hm2, the average value is 242.04 yuan /hm2, the average annual average value of the underground carbon fixation is between 1102.17-2234.24 yuan and /hm2, the average value is 1669.46 yuan /hm2. each grassland vegetation type unit area NPP The value is 282.1 yuan /hm2 in alpine meadow, 281.29 yuan /hm2 in shrub grassland, 259.34 yuan /hm2 in alpine grassland, 145.42 yuan in desert grassland and /hm2. (2) in the grassland ecosystem in the upper reaches of Heihe, the quality of fixed C02 in 2013 is 42.51 x 105T, and the quality of O2 substance is 31.30 * 10st., and the quality and release of carbon dioxide in the unit area of different grassland vegetation types is fixed. The amount of oxygen material is still shown in the alpine meadow meadow grassland and the alpine grassland desert grassland. The quality of the fixed carbon dioxide in the unit area of each grassland vegetation is 1.98t/hm2,1.97t/hm2,1.82t/hm2,1.02t/hm2, and the quality of the release 02 is respectively C02 and release of the grassland vegetation types of 1.46t/hm2,1.45t/hm2,1.34t/ hm2,0.75t/hm2., respectively. The total quality of O2 is 22.29 x 105T and 16.41 x l05t in alpine meadow, 14.58 x 105T and 10.73 x 105T in alpine grassland, 4.66 x 105T and 3.43 x 105T in shrub grassland. The total value of carbon fixation and release of oxygen in the desert grassland 1.09 * 105T and 0.81 x 105t. grassland is 25.47 x 108 yuan in 2013, of which the fixed CO2 value is 15.62 x 108, and the 02 value is 9.85 * The total value of carbon fixation and oxygen release of various grassland vegetation types is 13.32 * 108 yuan, 8.71 * 108 yuan, 2.79x108 yuan, 0.65 x 108 yuan. (3) the total soil organic carbon reserves of the soil from 0 to 100cm in the upper Heihe grassland ecosystem are 53.49 x 1010t, and the total value is 29.42 * 109 yuan, of which the total soil organic carbon reserves of soil depth 0 ~ 20cm grassland vegetation are 17.5 The total value of 7 x 1010t is 9.86 x 109 yuan. The average content of organic carbon in soil depth from 0 to 100cm in the soil layer is 10.89 ~ 77.65g.kg-1, with the depth increasing, the average content gradually decreases. The variation coefficient of organic carbon in soil depth from 0 to 100cm is from 10% to 100%, and the average variation coefficient is 78.01%. grassland vegetation cover. Under the cover type, the average soil organic carbon content of soil depth from 0 to 100cm is 22.05kg m-2. soil depth from 0 to 20cm, and the soil organic carbon content of each grassland vegetation is 8.76kg m-2, alpine meadow 8.06kg m-2, alpine grassland 7.49kg m-2, desert grassland 4.25kg m-2, soil depth and soil organic carbon content of each grassland vegetation. 30.57kg / m-2, alpine meadow 24.28kg m-2, alpine meadow 22.26kg m-2, 22.26kg m-2 in alpine grassland, and the total carbon reserves of grassland vegetation of 11.11kg m-2. in desert grassland in 2013 are 27.29 x 1010t in alpine meadow, 17.8 x 1010t for alpine grassland, 7.21 x 1010t in shrub grassland and 1.19 x 1010t in desert grassland; the total value is 15.01 x 109 yuan and alpine meadow, alpine meadow, respectively. The grassland is 9.79 x 109 yuan, the shrub grassland is 3.96 x 109 yuan, and the desert grassland is 0.65 x 109 yuan. The soil organic carbon reserves are as follows: the alpine meadow meadow grassland shrub grassland desert grassland. (4) the total carbon storage value of the grassland ecosystem in the upper reaches of the Heihe basin is 370.07 * 108 yuan, and the carbon storage value of the vegetation types of each grassland is 1 89.67 * 108 yuan RMB, the alpine grassland is 118.26 * 108 yuan RMB, the shrub grassland is 48.22 x 108 yuan, and the desert grassland is 13.92 * 108 yuan, which shows the value of carbon storage value of soil carbon reserves.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812

【参考文献】