放牧对短花针茅荒漠草原植物多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-06-12 12:30

本文选题：植物多样性 + 组织尺度　；参考：《生态学报》2017年10期

【摘要】：放牧干扰对草原植物多样性影响机制是放牧生态学研究的核心问题。以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟苏尼特右旗的短花针茅荒漠草原的长期放牧控制实验为平台,系统研究了放牧调控下植物多样性随组织尺度转换的影响,为荒漠草原植物多样性尺度推绎提供理论基础。结果显示:1)现存草地物种数未放牧最高,适度放牧次之,重度放牧最低,差异体现在多年生杂类草和一年生草本2个功能群上,且各功能群的权重基本不受放牧强度影响;2)群落尺度,放牧强度没有显著影响丰富度指数,未放牧小区的植物Simpson生态优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数大于适度放牧小区,显著大于重度放牧小区(P0.05);功能群尺度,多年生禾草与一年生草本的多样性指数对放牧无显著响应,多年生杂类草的多样性指数未放牧小区最高,适度放牧小区次之。3)Godron群落稳定性指数显示,适度放牧的小区稳定性高于未放牧小区和重度放牧小区。研究表明,放牧强度的上升使短花针茅荒漠草原不同组织尺度植物多样性降低,但群落稳定性结果显示适度放牧的草地表现出了更高的稳定性,植物多样性与稳定性的权衡将是合理制定区域科学放牧强度的重要途径。
[Abstract]:The mechanism of grazing disturbance on grassland plant diversity is the core of grazing ecology research. Based on the long-term grazing control experiment of Stipa breviflora desert steppe in Sunita right Banner of Xilinguole League, Inner Mongolia, the effects of grazing control on plant diversity with tissue scale transformation were studied systematically. It provides a theoretical basis for the scale deduction of plant diversity in desert steppe. The results showed that the number of species in existing grassland was the highest, moderate grazing was the second, and heavy grazing was the lowest. The difference was reflected in the two functional groups of perennial hybrid grass and annual herbaceous. And the weight of each functional group was not affected by grazing intensity, and grazing intensity had no significant influence on richness index. The plant Simpson ecological dominance index Shannon-Wiener species diversity index and Pielou evenness index in ungrazed plot were higher than that in moderate grazing plot and significantly larger than that in heavy grazing plot P0.05. The diversity index of perennial grasses and annual herbaceous plants had no significant response to grazing. The diversity index of perennial grasses was the highest in ungrazed plots, followed by Godron community stability index in moderate grazing plots. The stability of moderate grazing plot was higher than that of ungrazed plot and heavy grazing plot. The results showed that the increase of grazing intensity decreased plant diversity in different tissue scales of Stipa breviflora desert steppe, but the results of community stability showed that the grassland with moderate grazing showed higher stability. The balance between plant diversity and plant stability will be an important way to determine the regional scientific grazing intensity.
【作者单位】：内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院;内蒙古农业大学理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31460126) 国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB138805) 国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD13B00) 内蒙古自然科学基金(2015MS0349)
【分类号】：S812.8

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