肉鸡气管阻塞的发病机理研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 22:57

本文选题：肉鸡气管阻塞 + 病理组织学　；参考：《聊城大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：肉鸡气管阻塞是我国北方地区近年来广泛发生的一种严重的综合性、流行性呼吸道疾病,在不同规模、不同品种、不同养殖方式的养殖场皆有发生。该病发病速度快,治疗困难,死亡率高,给广大养殖户带来了巨大的经济损失。为了更深入的了解肉鸡气管阻塞的症状及发病机理,本研究利用病理组织学、生物化学、药敏试验以及第二代Miseq高通量测序等方法,对山东聊城地区肉鸡养殖场中气管阻塞病例进行病理组织学的观察、病原体的分离鉴定、病原细菌药敏试验以及发病肉鸡呼吸系统内细菌和真菌微生物多样性及其相关性进行研究,为临床上肉鸡气管阻塞疾病的防治提供理论依据。病理组织学观察。采取临床上自然发病肉鸡的肺脏和气管,进行常规石蜡切片、H.E.染色和改良PTAH染色,利用剖检和病理组织学方法观察其病理变化,为肉鸡气管阻塞发病机制研究和临床防控提供理论依据。结果显示,气管阻塞发病肉鸡的气管环充血、出血,气管、支气管内有黄白色干酪样阻塞物,阻塞多发生在支气管与肺脏连接处。气管黏膜充血、出血,并有炎性细胞浸润,上皮细胞严重脱落;肺脏出血、淤血明显;肺脏细支气管阻塞,阻塞物主要为脱落的上皮细胞、血细胞以及渗出的纤维和蛋白。说明发病鸡出现了较严重的组织损伤,并伴有炎性反应。病原体的分离鉴定。无菌采集患有典型气管阻塞症状的病死肉鸡肺脏,采用培养特性、生化试验等方法对细菌进行分离鉴定,以及对分离菌株进行药敏试验;同时采用鸡胚接种、血凝和血凝抑制试验以及分子生物学方法进行病毒的分离鉴定,研究肉鸡气管阻塞疾病的部分致病因素。结果显示,从10份病例中均分离到大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,分离菌株对常用抗生素均表现出不同程度的耐药性,且呈严重的多重耐药现象;H9N2 AIV和NDV的分离率分别为80%和30%,两者共感染率为30%。表明肉鸡气管阻塞疾病是由多种病原体联合导致,且混合感染严重。细菌多样性分析。采用第二代Miseq高通量测序方法对发病与健康鸡只的肺脏和气管内微生物进行检测,并分析各样品中菌种类别、群落组成、不同样品之间物种差异以及与疾病发生的关系。结果显示,在肺脏和气管内共检测到270种细菌,隶属13门、23纲、39目、74科、140属。病例气管中细菌数比肺脏高,同时也比健康气管略有增多,而多数病例肺脏内细菌数比健康肺脏少。结果表明,不同样品之间存在一定的物种差异,地域对样品中细菌组成影响较大,引发肉鸡气管阻塞的细菌病原体也存有不同,主要有支原体、大肠杆菌、志贺氏菌、里氏杆菌、棒状杆菌、葡萄球菌、鸟杆菌和肠球菌等;此外,所占比例较大的乳酸球菌和乳酸杆菌是益生菌。真菌多样性分析。对患有气管阻塞的肉鸡肺脏和气管内真菌微生物多样性进行分析,结果共分类出4门、18纲、49目、91科、147属、403种真菌。在门的分类水平上,各样品的真菌微生物以子囊菌门和担子菌门为主,接合菌门在健康肺脏中占一定的比例,还有一些难以鉴定的真菌门类。在属的分类水平上,优势菌属主要有曲霉属、翘孢霉属、酵母、链格孢属、分枝孢子菌属、念珠菌属、毛孢子菌属和镰刀菌属等。
[Abstract]:The tracheal obstruction of broiler is a serious comprehensive, epidemic respiratory disease occurring widely in the north of China in recent years. It has occurred in various farms with different sizes, varieties and culture. The disease is fast, difficult to treat, and has high mortality. It has brought huge economic losses to the large farmers. To understand the symptoms and pathogenesis of tracheal obstruction in broiler, this study used histopathology, biochemistry, drug sensitivity test and second generation Miseq high throughput sequencing to observe the histopathology of the cases of tracheal obstruction in broiler breeding farms in Liaocheng, Shandong, the isolation and identification of the disease, the drug sensitivity test and the hair of the pathogenic bacteria. The bacterial and fungal microbial diversity and their correlation in the respiratory system of the sick broilers were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tracheal obstruction in broilers. Histopathological observation. The lung and trachea of the naturally occurring chicken's lungs and trachea were taken, routine paraffin section, H.E. staining and modified PTAH staining, and pathology examination and pathology were used. The pathological changes were observed by histological methods. The results showed that tracheal congestion, bleeding, trachea and bronchus had yellow and white caseous blockage in the trachea of broilers, and the obstruction occurred mostly in the junction of bronchus and lungs. There were inflammatory cells infiltrating, epithelial cells seriously falling off; pulmonary hemorrhage, congestion, congestion, obstruction of bronchioles, obstructions mainly for exfoliated epithelial cells, blood cells and exudative fibers and proteins. It indicated that the chicken had serious tissue damage and inflammatory reaction. The pathogen was isolated and identified. Aseptic collection was typical. The lungs of the dead broiler with the symptoms of tracheal obstruction were isolated and identified by culture characteristics, biochemical test and other methods, and the drug sensitivity test was carried out on the isolated strains. At the same time, chicken embryo inoculation, hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test and molecular biological methods were used to identify the virus, and the part of the chicken trachea obstruction disease was studied. The results showed that Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 10 cases. The isolates showed different degrees of resistance to common antibiotics and had serious multidrug resistance; the separation rate of H9N2 AIV and NDV was 80% and 30%, respectively. The co infection rate of 30%. showed that the tracheal obstruction disease of broiler chickens was more than that of them. The combination of pathogens and mixed infection. Bacterial diversity analysis. Using second generation Miseq high throughput sequencing method to detect the lung and endotracheal microbes in the infected and healthy chickens, and analyze the species, community composition, species diversity and the relationship with the disease in each sample. The results show that 270 kinds of bacteria were detected in the lungs and trachea, belonging to 13 doors, 23 classes, 39 orders, 74 families and 140 genera. The number of bacteria in the trachea was higher than that of the lung, and the number of bacteria in the lungs was slightly higher than that of the healthy trachea. The number of bacteria in the lungs was less than that of the healthy lungs in most cases. There are also different bacterial pathogens that cause trachea obstruction in broilers, mainly mycoplasma, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Corynebacterium, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, bird bacilli and Enterococcus. In addition, the larger proportion of Lactococcus and Lactobacillus is probiotics. Fungal diversity analysis. For tracheal blocked meat The microbial diversity in the lung and endotracheal fungi of the chicken was analyzed. The results were divided into 4 doors, 18 classes, 49 orders, 91 families, 147 genera and 403 fungi. In the classification level of the door, the fungal microorganisms in the samples were dominated by the atlum and basidiomycetes, the conjugation fungi accounted for a certain proportion in the healthy lungs, and there were some unidentified fungi. In the classification of the genus, dominant bacteria genera were mainly Aspergillus, Emericella, yeast, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Candida, Trichosporon spp. and Fusarium.
【学位授予单位】：聊城大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S858.31

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