肉鸡气管阻塞的发病机理研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 22:57

本文选题：肉鸡气管阻塞 + 病理组织学　；参考：《聊城大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：肉鸡气管阻塞是我国北方地区近年来广泛发生的一种严重的综合性、流行性呼吸道疾病,在不同规模、不同品种、不同养殖方式的养殖场皆有发生。该病发病速度快,治疗困难,死亡率高,给广大养殖户带来了巨大的经济损失。为了更深入的了解肉鸡气管阻塞的症状及发病机理,本研究利用病理组织学、生物化学、药敏试验以及第二代Miseq高通量测序等方法,对山东聊城地区肉鸡养殖场中气管阻塞病例进行病理组织学的观察、病原体的分离鉴定、病原细菌药敏试验以及发病肉鸡呼吸系统内细菌和真菌微生物多样性及其相关性进行研究,为临床上肉鸡气管阻塞疾病的防治提供理论依据。病理组织学观察。采取临床上自然发病肉鸡的肺脏和气管,进行常规石蜡切片、H.E.染色和改良PTAH染色,利用剖检和病理组织学方法观察其病理变化,为肉鸡气管阻塞发病机制研究和临床防控提供理论依据。结果显示,气管阻塞发病肉鸡的气管环充血、出血,气管、支气管内有黄白色干酪样阻塞物,阻塞多发生在支气管与肺脏连接处。气管黏膜充血、出血,并有炎性细胞浸润,上皮细胞严重脱落;肺脏出血、淤血明显;肺脏细支气管阻塞,阻塞物主要为脱落的上皮细胞、血细胞以及渗出的纤维和蛋白。说明发病鸡出现了较严重的组织损伤,并伴有炎性反应。病原体的分离鉴定。无菌采集患有典型气管阻塞症状的病死肉鸡肺脏,采用培养特性、生化试验等方法对细菌进行分离鉴定,以及对分离菌株进行药敏试验;同时采用鸡胚接种、血凝和血凝抑制试验以及分子生物学方法进行病毒的分离鉴定,研究肉鸡气管阻塞疾病的部分致病因素。结果显示,从10份病例中均分离到大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,分离菌株对常用抗生素均表现出不同程度的耐药性,且呈严重的多重耐药现象;H9N2 AIV和NDV的分离率分别为80%和30%,两者共感染率为30%。表明肉鸡气管阻塞疾病是由多种病原体联合导致,且混合感染严重。细菌多样性分析。采用第二代Miseq高通量测序方法对发病与健康鸡只的肺脏和气管内微生物进行检测,并分析各样品中菌种类别、群落组成、不同样品之间物种差异以及与疾病发生的关系。结果显示,在肺脏和气管内共检测到270种细菌,隶属13门、23纲、39目、74科、140属。病例气管中细菌数比肺脏高,同时也比健康气管略有增多,而多数病例肺脏内细菌数比健康肺脏少。结果表明,不同样品之间存在一定的物种差异,地域对样品中细菌组成影响较大,引发肉鸡气管阻塞的细菌病原体也存有不同,主要有支原体、大肠杆菌、志贺氏菌、里氏杆菌、棒状杆菌、葡萄球菌、鸟杆菌和肠球菌等;此外,所占比例较大的乳酸球菌和乳酸杆菌是益生菌。真菌多样性分析。对患有气管阻塞的肉鸡肺脏和气管内真菌微生物多样性进行分析,结果共分类出4门、18纲、49目、91科、147属、403种真菌。在门的分类水平上,各样品的真菌微生物以子囊菌门和担子菌门为主,接合菌门在健康肺脏中占一定的比例,还有一些难以鉴定的真菌门类。在属的分类水平上,优势菌属主要有曲霉属、翘孢霉属、酵母、链格孢属、分枝孢子菌属、念珠菌属、毛孢子菌属和镰刀菌属等。
[Abstract]:Chicken tracheal obstruction is a serious of northern China in recent years the widespread occurrence, prevalence of respiratory diseases, in different scale, different varieties, different types of aquaculture farms have occurred. The incidence of the disease is difficult to treat, fast, high mortality rate, bring huge economic losses to the broad culture in order to further. Understand the symptoms and pathogenesis of chicken tracheal obstruction, the histopathology, biochemistry, drug sensitive test and the second generation Miseq high-throughput sequencing, observation on broiler farms in Shandong Liaocheng tracheal obstruction were area, isolation and identification of pathogens, pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity test For bacteria and fungi, microbial diversity and correlation of disease of respiratory system in broiler research, to provide theory for clinical treatment on broiler tracheal obstructive diseases. Histopathology of the lungs and trachea. Take the natural incidence of broiler clinical, conventional paraffin sections, H.E. staining and modified PTAH staining by autopsy and pathology To observe the pathological changes of histological methods, provide a theoretical basis for the study of the pathogenesis of airway obstruction in Broilers and clinical prevention and control. The results showed that the incidence of airway obstruction in broiler tracheal congestion, hemorrhage, trachea, bronchus with yellowish caseous obstruction, obstruction occurred at the junction of bronchial and lung. Tracheal mucosal hyperemia, hemorrhage, and With the infiltration of inflammatory cells, epithelial cells exfoliation; lung hemorrhage, congestion was obvious; lung bronchial obstruction, the obstruction mainly for exfoliated epithelial cells, blood cells and exudation of fiber and protein. The diseased chicken appeared more severe tissue injury, accompanied by inflammatory reaction. Isolation and identification of pathogens were collected. With typical Airway obstruction symptoms with mortality of broilers lung, culture characteristics, biochemical test and other methods for isolation and identification of bacteria and drug sensitive test isolates; at the same time by chicken embryo inoculation, hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test and molecular biological methods for virus separation and identification, the study on tracheal obstructive diseases caused by part Disease factors. The results showed that all isolated Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in 10 cases, isolates to antibiotics showed different degrees of resistance and multidrug resistant phenomenon is serious; separation of H9N2 AIV and NDV were 80% and 30%, both showed that the infection rate of 30%. broilers many diseases are caused by airway obstruction Pathogens combine to cause, and mixed infection. Serious bacterial diversity analysis. The second generation of Miseq high-throughput sequencing methods and the incidence of healthy chickens in the lungs and trachea of microbial detection, and analysis of species in each sample category, community composition, species differences between the sample and the relationship with disease. The results showed that, In the lung and trachea were detected in 270 species of bacteria, belonging to 13 phyla, 23 classes, 39 orders, 74 families, 140 genera of bacteria. The number of cases in the trachea and lungs than higher than healthy trachea slightly increased, but the majority of cases in the lung bacterial count than healthy lungs less. The results show that the existence of certain species differences the different samples between regions of the bacteria in the sample composition Influence caused by bacterial pathogens have different broiler tracheal obstruction, mainly Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Shigella, anatipestifer, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, bacillus and Enterococcus bird; in addition, a larger proportion of the lactic acid bacteria and probiotics is Lactobacillus. Analysis of fungal diversity. For patients with airway obstruction the meat Analysis of the chicken lung and trachea fungi in microbial diversity, the classification of 4 doors, 18 classes, 49 orders, 91 families, 147 genera, 403 species of fungi. The level of classification on the door, fungi samples to Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, Zygomycota accounted for a certain proportion in the there are some healthy lung, it is difficult to identify the fungi categories. In the classification of the genus, dominant bacteria genera were mainly Aspergillus, Emericella, yeast, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Candida, Trichosporon spp. and Fusarium.
【学位授予单位】：聊城大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S858.31

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